Efeitos da suplementação com proteína vegetal na hipertrofia em homens e mulheres com treino de força: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.117266Palavras-chave:
Desempenho físico, adultos saudáveis, massa muscular, proteína vegetal, dieta vegetarianaResumo
Introdução: Nos últimos anos, o uso de dietas baseadas em plantas tem aumentado entre aqueles que praticam exercício de resistência. Existem recentemente evidências de que as necessidades proteicas das pessoas veganas ou vegetarianas são diferentes das dos omnívoros. Os veganos/vegetarianos que praticam devem planear cuidadosamente a sua dieta para garantir uma ingestão adequada de aminoácidos essenciais que favorecem uma síntese proteica muscular ideal. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar o efeito dos isolados de proteínas vegetais sob a forma de suplementos na hipertrofia dos músculos esqueléticos em homens e mulheres saudáveis que praticam treino de resistência.
Métodos: A revisão utilizou cinco bases de dados e seguiu a checklist PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A avaliação da qualidade dos relatórios foi realizada através da lista de verificação CONSORT 2010. O risco de sessão foi avaliado através do Manual Cochrane e da lista de verificação ROBINS-I.
Resultados: inicialmente, se identificar 1508 artigos. Apague os duplicados (504) e reveja os títulos e resumos (1004), analisando 13 artigos após a leitura integral dos textos. Os estudos variam de acordo com o tempo de intervenção, o nível de treino, a utilização de grupos de controlo e a padronização da dose de leucina. A maioria dos estúdios utiliza suplementos de proteína de soja em diferentes doses diárias.
Conclusão: Esta revisão mostrou que a suplementação com proteínas de origem vegetal, em comparação com o consumo de proteína de suor ou de leucina, em homens e mulheres saudáveis, entrena-dos ou não, produz resultados semelhantes no que diz respeito à melhoria da massa magra, ao aumento do grosso muscular e da força.
Referências
Babault, N., Païzis, C., Deley, G., Guérin-Deremaux, L., Saniez, M. H., Lefranc-Millot, C., & Allaert, F. A. (2015). Pea proteins oral supplementation promotes muscle thickness gains during resistance training: a double-blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled clinical trial vs. Whey protein. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0064-5
Bos, C., Metges, C. C., Gaudichon, C., Petzke, K. J., Pueyo, M. E., Morens, C., Everwand, J., Benamouzig, R., & Tomé, D. (2003). Postprandial kinetics of dietary amino acids are the main determinant of their metabo-lism after soy or milk protein ingestion in humans. The Journal of nutrition, 133(5), 1308–1315. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.5.1308
Brown, E. C., DiSilvestro, R. A., Babaknia, A., & Devor, S. T. (2004). Soy versus whey protein bars: effects on exercise training impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status. Nutrition journal, 3, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-3-22
Currier, B; D’Souza, A; Singh, M. A. F; Lowisz, C. V; Rawson, E.; Schoenfeld, B. J; Smith-Ryan, A.; Steen, J.;Thomas, G.; Triplett, N. T.; Washington, T; Werner, T; Phillips, S. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Resistance Training Prescription for Muscle Function, Hypertrophy, and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: An Overview of Reviews. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 58(4): p 851-872, April 2026. | DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003897
Des Jarlais, D. C., Lyles, C., Crepaz, N., & TREND Group (2004). Improving the reporting quality of non-randomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: the TREND statement. American journal of public health, 94(3), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.3.361
Devries MC, Phillips SM. Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci. 2015;80 Suppl 1: A8-A15. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12802
Dhammi, I. K., & Kumar, S. (2014). Medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. Indian journal of orthopae-dics, 48(5), 443–444. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.139827
Dinu, M., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2017). Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. Critical re-views in food science and nutrition, 57(17), 3640–3649. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447
Egan, B. (2016). Protein intake for athletes and active adults: Current concepts and controversies. Nutri tion Bulletin, 41, 202-213. doi.org/10.1111/nbu.122155
Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations (ROME). Dietary Protein Quality Evaluation in Human Nutrition: Report of an FAO Expert Consultation, 31 March-2 April, 2011, Auckland, New Zealand. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
Gorissen, S. H. M., Crombag, J. J. R., Senden, J. M. G., Waterval, W. A. H., Bierau, J., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2018). Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates. Amino acids, 50(12), 1685–1695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5
Hartman, J. W., Tang, J. E., Wilkinson, S. B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Lawrence, R. L., Fullerton, A. V., & Phil-lips, S. M. (2007). Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or carbohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters. The Ameri-can journal of clinical nutrition, 86(2), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.373
Hevia-Larraín, V., Gualano, B., Longobardi, I., Gil, S., Fernandes, A. L., Costa, L. A. R., Pereira, R. M. R., Arti-oli, G. G., Phillips, S. M., & Roschel, H. (2021). High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 51(6), 1317–1330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01434-9
Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.handbook.cochrane.org.
Joy, J. M., Lowery, R. P., Wilson, J. M., Purpura, M., De Souza, E. O., Wilson, S. M., Kalman, D. S., Dudeck, J. E., & Jäger, R. (2013). The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance. Nutrition journal, 12, 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-86
Lamb, D. A., Moore, J. H., Smith, M. A., Vann, C. G., Osburn, S. C., Ruple, B. A., Fox, C. D., Smith, K. S., Altonji, O. M., Power, Z. M., Cerovsky, A. E., Ross, C. O., Cao, A. T., Goodlett, M. D., Huggins, K. W., Fruge, A. D., Young, K. C., & Roberts, M. D. (2020). The effects of resistance training with or without pea-nut protein supplementation on skeletal muscle and strength adaptations in older individuals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00397-y
Lim, C., Nunes, E. A., Currier, B. S., McLeod, J. C., Thomas, A. C. Q., & Phillips, S. M. (2022). An Evidence Based Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Resistance Exercise-Induced Human Skeletal Muscle Hyper-trophy. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 54(9), 1546–1559. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002929
Lynch, H. M., Buman, M. P., Dickinson, J. M., Ransdell, L. B., Johnston, C. S., & Wharton, C. M. (2020). No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Pro-gram in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(11), 3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113871
Marsh, K. A., Munn, E. A., & Baines, S. K. (2013). Protein and vegetarian diets. The Medical journal of Aus-tralia, 199(S4), S7–S10. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja11.11492
McGuinness, L. A., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2021). Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research synthesis methods, 12(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1411
Melina, V., Craig, W., & Levin, S. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(12), 1970–1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025
Messina, M., Lynch, H., Dickinson, J. M., & Reed, K. E. (2018). No Difference Between the Effects of Sup-plementing With Soy Protein Versus Animal Protein on Gains in Muscle Mass and Strength in Response to Resistance Exercise. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabo-lism, 28(6), 674–685. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0071
Meyer, N., & Reguant-Closa, A. (2017). "Eat as If You Could Save the Planet and Win!" Sustainability Inte gration into Nutrition for Exercise and Sport. Nutrients, 9(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040412
Mobley, C. B., Haun, C. T., Roberson, P. A., Mumford, P. W., Romero, M. A., Kephart, W. C., Anderson, R. G., Vann, C. G., Osburn, S. C., Pledge, C. D., Martin, J. S., Young, K. C., Goodlett, M. D., Pascoe, D. D., Lockwood, C. M., & Roberts, M. D. (2017). Effects of Whey, Soy or Leucine Supplementation with 12 Weeks of Resistance Training on Strength, Body Composition, and Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Histological Attributes in College-Aged Males. Nutrients, 9(9), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090972
Moon, J. M., Ratliff, K. M., Blumkaitis, J. C., Harty, P. S., Zabriskie, H. A., Stecker, R. A., Currier, B. S., Jagim, A. R., Jäger, R., Purpura, M., & Kerksick, C. M. (2020). Effects of daily 24-gram doses of rice or whey protein on resistance training adaptations in trained males. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutri-tion, 17(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00394-1
Murach, K. A., Fry, C. S., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., McCarthy, J. J., & Peterson, C. A. (2021). Fusion and beyond: Satellite cell contributions to loading-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. FASEB jour-nal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 35(10), e21893. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202101096R
Oikawa, S. Y., Bahniwal, R., Holloway, T. M., Lim, C., McLeod, J. C., McGlory, C., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2020). Potato Protein Isolate Stimulates Muscle Protein Synthesis at Rest and with Re-sistance Exercise in Young Women. Nutrients, 12(5), 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051235
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetz-laff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L. A., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA
2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Phillips, S. M., Glover, E. I., & Rennie, M. J. (2009). Alterations of protein turnover underlying disuse atro phy in human skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 107(3), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00452.2009
Rogerson, D. (2017). Vegan diets: practical advice for athletes and exercisers. Journal of the Interna-tional Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0192-9
Santini, M. H., Erwig Leitão, A., Mazzolani, B. C., Smaira, F. I., de Souza, M. S. C., Santamaria, A., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2025). Similar effects between animal-based and plant-based protein blend as comple-mentary dietary protein on muscle adaptations to resistance training: findings from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 22(1), 2568047. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2568047
Schoenfeld, B. J., Contreras, B., Krieger, J., Grgic, J., Delcastillo, K., Belliard, R., & Alto, A. (2019). Re-sistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men. Med-icine and science in sports and exercise, 51(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 340, c332. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c332
Slater, G. J., Dieter, B. P., Marsh, D. J., Helms, E. R., Shaw, G., & Iraki, J. (2019). Is an Energy Surplus Requi red to Maximize Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Associated with Resistance Training. Frontiers in nutrition, 6, 131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00131
Sterne, J. A., Hernán, M. A., Reeves, B. C., Savović, J., Berkman, N. D., Viswanathan, M., Henry, D., Altman, D. G., Ansari, M. T., Boutron, I., Carpenter, J. R., Chan, A. W., Churchill, R., Deeks, J. J., Hróbjartsson, A., Kirkham, J., Jüni, P., Loke, Y. K., Pigott, T. D., Ramsay, C. R., … Higgins, J. P. (2016). ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 355, i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919
Tang, J. E., Moore, D. R., Kujbida, G. W., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2009). Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and follo-wing resistance exercise in young men. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 107(3), 987–992. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009
Thomson, R. L., Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., & Buckley, J. D. (2016). Response to comment on: Thom-son et al. Muscle strength gains during resistance exercise training are attenuated with soy com-pared with dairy or usual protein intake in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 35:27-33, 2016. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 35(6), 1573–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.07.006
Tidball, J. G., Dorshkind, K., & Wehling-Henricks, M. (2014). Shared signaling systems in myeloid cell mediated muscle regeneration. Development (Cambridge, England), 141(6), 1184–1196. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.098285
van Vliet, S., Burd, N. A., & van Loon, L. J. (2015). The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- ver-sus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. The Journal of Nutrition, 145(9), 1981–1991. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204305
Vitale K, Hueglin S. (2021). Update on vegetarian and vegan athletes: A review. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 10(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.10.1
Volek, J. S., Volk, B. M., Gómez, A. L., Kunces, L. J., Kupchak, B. R., Freidenreich, D. J., Aristizabal, J. C., Saenz, C., Dunn-Lewis, C., Ballard, K. D., Quann, E. E., Kawiecki, D. L., Flanagan, S. D., Comstock, B. A., Fragala, M. S., Earp, J. E., Fernandez, M. L., Bruno, R. S., Ptolemy, A. S., Kellogg, M. D., … Kraem-er, W. J. (2013). Whey protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 32(2), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.793580
World Health Organization. (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (WHO Technical Report Series No. 935). World Health Organization.
Wirnitzer KC. Wirnitzer KC (2020) Vegan Diet in Sports and Exercise – Health Benefits and Advantages to Athletes and Physically Active People: A Narrative Review. Int J Sports Exerc Med 6:165. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510165
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Renata Labronici Bertin, Nissay de Abreu Maruiama, Murilo de Andrade Chaves, Luan Francisco Calistro da Silva Braz, Andressa Roehrig Volpe Fix, Anabelle Retondario, Anderson Zampier Ulbrich

Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess