Efectividad del masaje en la recuperación muscular: ensayo clínico aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.118033Palabras clave:
Percepción de dolor, potencia mecánica, velocidad media propulsiva, índice de fuerza reactivaResumen
Introducción: El entrenamiento deportivo de alto rendimiento genera elevados niveles de fatiga muscular, lo que resalta la importancia de estrategias de recuperación eficaces. En este contexto, el masaje se plantea como una herramienta potencial para favorecer la recuperación del deportista.
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del masaje en la recuperación muscular posterior al ejercicio.
Metodología: Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorizado con una muestra de 37 deportistas de fútbol y fútbol sala, divididos en un grupo experimental (GE) que recibió masaje y un grupo control (GC) que recibió una charla formativa. Las mediciones se realizaron antes de la intervención, inmediatamente después y a las 24 horas de su finalización. Se evaluó la percepción del dolor mediante la escala visual análoga y el rendimiento físico a través de la potencia mecánica, el índice de fuerza reactiva en salto Drop Jump y la velocidad media propulsiva en sentadilla trasera.
Resultados: Se encontró que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en la percepción del dolor, la potencia de salto, el índice de fuerza reactiva y la velocidad media propulsiva, post intervención ni a al final 24 horas posteriores (p > .05 en todos los casos).
Conclusión: El masaje aplicado tras un protocolo de fatiga no generó cambios significativos en las variables físicas analizadas. No obstante, se observó una tendencia a la reducción del dolor percibido a las 24 horas, lo que sugiere que los beneficios del masaje podrían manifestarse en plazos mayores a 48 horas.
Referencias
Altarriba-Bartes, A., Peña, J., Vicens-Bordas, J., Milà-Villarroel, R., & Calleja-González, J. (2020). Post-competition recovery strategies in elite male soccer players: Effects on performance: A sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0240135. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240135
Andersen, L. L., Jay, K., Andersen, C. H., Jakobsen, M. D., Sundstrup, E., Topp, R., & Behm, D. G. (2013). Acute effects of massage or active exercise in relieving muscle soreness: Randomized con-trolled trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(12), 3352–3359. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182908610
Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.996184
Bar-Or, O. (1987). The Wingate anaerobic test: An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Medicine, 4(6), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198704060-00001
Bauer, P., Anzer, G., & Shaw, L. (2023). Putting team formations in association football into context. Journal of Sports Analytics, 9(1), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.3233/JSA-220620
Bender, P. U., Luz, C. M. D., Feldkircher, J. M., & Nunes, G. S. (2019). Massage therapy slightly decreased pain intensity after habitual running, but had no effect on fatigue, mood or physical perfor-mance: A randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 65(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2019.02.006
Bengtsson, H., Ekstrand, J., & Hägglund, M. (2013). Muscle injury rates in professional football increase with fixture congestion: An 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092383
Brink, M. S., Visscher, C., Arends, S., Zwerver, J., Post, W. J., & Lemmink, K. A. (2010). Monitoring stress and recovery: New insights for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(11), 809–815. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.069476
Calleja-González, J., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Ostojic, S. M., Jones, M. T., Marques-Jiménez, D., Caparros, T., & Terrados, N. (2019). Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in rugby: A narrative re-view. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 47(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1541701
Carvalho, F. A., Batista, N. P., Diniz, F. P., Machado, A. F., Micheletti, J. K., & Pastre, C. M. (2023). Repeated massage improves swimmers’ perceptions during training sessions but not sprint and function-al performance: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health, 20(3), 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031677
Cheung, K., Hume, P., & Maxwell, L. (2003). Delayed onset muscle soreness: Treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Medicine, 33(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005
Courtois, C., & Duchesne, F. (2024). Le massage sur la douleur de la delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induits par des exercices de type musculation: Une revue systématique. Kinésithérapie, la Revue, 24(265), 41–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kine.2023.08.001
Curran, J. (2008). The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine. British Medical Journal, 336(7647), 777. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39527.472303.4E
Dakić, M., Toskić, L., Ilić, V., Đurić, S., Dopsaj, M., & Šimenko, J. (2023). The effects of massage therapy on sport and exercise performance: A systematic review. Sports, 11(6), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11060110
Davis, H. L., Alabed, S., & Chico, T. J. A. (2020). Effect of sports massage on performance and recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000614. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000614
Diego, M. A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Deeds, O., Ascencio, A., & Begert, G. (2007). Preterm infant massage elicits consistent increases in vagal activity and gastric motility that are associated with greater weight gain. Acta Paediatrica, 96(11), 1588–1591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00476.x
Dugué, B. M. (2015). An attempt to improve Ferreira Junior model concerning the anti-inflammatory action of whole body cryotherapy after exercise-induced muscular damage (EIMD). Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 35. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00035
Dupont, G., Nedelec, M., McCall, A., McCormack, D., Berthoin, S., & Wisløff, U. (2010). Effect of two soc-cer matches in a week on physical performance and injury rate. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(9), 1752–1758. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510361236
Dupuy, O., Douzi, W., Theurot, D., Bosquet, L., & Dugué, B. (2018). An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fa-tigue, and inflammation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00403
Espí-López, G. V., Serra-Añó, P., Cuenca-Martínez, F., Suso-Martí, L., & Inglés, M. (2020). Comparison between classic and light touch massage on psychological and physical functional variables in athletes: A randomized pilot trial. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork, 13(3), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v13i3.551
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Ferrándiz, J. S. (2008). Quiromasaje: Técnica y sensibilidad. Editorial Meteora SL.
Field, T. (2014). Massage therapy research review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 20(4), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.07.002
Frikha, M., Chaâri, N., Said, N. B., & Alibrahim, M. S. (2020). Warm-up durations in a hot-dry climate af-fect thermoregulation, mean power-output and fatigue, but not peak power in specific soccer repeated-sprint ability. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 12, 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-020-00221-9
Fuller, J. T., Thomson, R. L., Howe, P. R., & Buckley, J. D. (2015). Vibration therapy vs. massage and stretching for recovery after eccentric exercise. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 25(4), 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000149
García-Ramos, A., Pestaña-Melero, F. L., Pérez-Castilla, A., Rojas, F. J., & Haff, G. G. (2018). Mean velocity vs. mean propulsive velocity vs. peak velocity: Reliability for determining bench press relative load. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(5), 1273–1279. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001998
García-Sillero, M., Jurado-Castro, J. M., Benítez-Porres, J., & Vargas-Molina, S. (2021). Acute effects of a percussive massage treatment on movement velocity during resistance training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157726
Guo, J., Li, L., Gong, Y., Zhu, R., Xu, J., Zou, J., & Chen, X. (2017). Massage alleviates delayed onset muscle soreness after strenuous exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiol-ogy, 8, 747. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00747
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pear-son.
Han, J. H., Kim, M. J., Yang, H. J., Lee, Y. J., & Sung, Y. H. (2014). Effects of therapeutic massage on gait and pain after delayed onset muscle soreness. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 10(2), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.140106
Hart, J. M., Swanik, C. B., & Tierney, R. T. (2005). Effects of sport massage on limb girth and discomfort associated with eccentric exercise. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(3), 181–185.
Hilbert, J. E., Sforzo, G. A., & Swensen, T. (2003). The effects of massage on delayed onset muscle sore-ness. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(1), 72–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.1.72
Hody, S., Croisier, J. L., Bury, T., Rogister, B., & Leprince, P. (2019). Eccentric muscle contractions: Risks and benefits. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00536
Hoffman, M. D., Badowski, N., Chin, J., & Stuempfle, K. J. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of mas-sage and pneumatic compression for ultramarathon recovery. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 46(5), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2016.6455
Holub, C., & Smith, J. D. (2017). Effect of Swedish massage on DOMS after strenuous exercise. Interna-tional Journal of Exercise Science, 10(2), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.70252/NZUA3800
Huskisson, E. C. (1974). Measurement of pain. The Lancet, 304(7889), 1127–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)90884-8
JASP Team. (2024). JASP (Version 0.19) [Computer software]. https://jasp-stats.org/
Kaada, B., & Torsteinbø, O. (1989). Increase of plasma beta-endorphins in connective tissue massage. General Pharmacology, 20(4), 487–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(89)90200-0
Kargarfard, M., Lam, E. T. C., Shariat, A., Shaw, I., Shaw, B. S., & Tamrin, S. B. M. (2015). Efficacy of mas-sage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical perfor-mance in male bodybuilders. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 959–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1081264
Klich, S., Smoter, M., Michalik, K., Bogdański, B., Valera Calero, J. A., Clemente, F. M., … Mroczek, D. (2022). Foam rolling and tissue flossing: Acute effects on Achilles tendon stiffness, jump height and sprint performance. Research in Sports Medicine, 32(3), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2022.2125317
Komi, P. V. (2000). Stretch-shortening cycle: A powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00064-6
Koźlenia, D., & Domaradzki, J. (2022). Acute effect of short intensive self-myofascial release on jump performance in amateur athletes: A randomized cross-over study. International Journal of En-vironmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16816. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416816
Kuruma, H., Takei, H., Nitta, O., Furukawa, Y., Shida, N., Kamio, H., & Yanagisawa, K. (2013). Effects of myofascial release and stretching technique on range of motion and reaction time. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(2), 169–171. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.169
Li, L., Mo, L., Liu, Y., & Mei, T. (2024). The impact of different velocity losses on post-activation perfor-mance enhancement (PAPE) effects in sprint athletes: A pilot randomized controlled study. Sports, 12(6), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12060157
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150(3699), 971–979. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.150.3699.971
Menek, M. Y., & Menek, B. (2024). Effects of percussion massage therapy, dynamic stretching, and static stretching on physical performance and balance. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabili-tation, 37(1), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-230069
Moya-Ortega, M. (2024). Efectos del déficit bilateral sobre variables cinemáticas en el esprint con cam-bio de dirección en basquetbolistas universitarios. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Ac-tividad Física y el Deporte, 13(1), 104–121. https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.13.1.2024.18845
Moya-Ortega, M., Aparicio Aparicio, I., Arenas-Granada, J., Priego-Quesada, J. I., Encarnación-Martínez, A., & Pérez-Soriano, P. (2025). Efectos del déficit bilateral sobre el salto y sentadilla trasera en futbolistas universitarios. Sportis, 11(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.2.9744
Nahon, R. L., Lopes, J. S. S., & de Magalhães Neto, A. M. (2021). Physical therapy interventions for the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport, 52, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.07.005
Nunes, G. S., Bender, P. U., de Menezes, F. S., Yamashitafuji, I., Vargas, V. Z., & Wageck, B. (2016). Massage therapy decreases pain and perceived fatigue after long-distance Ironman triathlon: A random-ized trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 62(2), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.02.009
Ogai, R., Yamane, M., Matsumoto, T., & Kosaka, M. (2008). Effects of petrissage massage on fatigue and exercise performance following intensive cycling. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(10), 834–838. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.044396
Pareja-Blanco, F., Alcazar, J., Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J., Cornejo-Daza, P. J., Piqueras-Sanchiz, F., Mora-Vela, R., Sánchez-Moreno, M., Bachero-Mena, B., Ortega-Becerra, M., & Alegre, L. M. (2020). Ve-locity loss as a critical variable determining adaptations to strength training. Medicine and Sci-ence in Sports and Exercise, 52(8), 1752–1762. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002295
Pérez-Castilla, A., Piepoli, A., Delgado-García, G., Garrido-Blanca, G., & García-Ramos, A. (2019). Reliabil-ity and concurrent validity of seven commercially available devices for the assessment of movement velocity during the bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(5), 1258–1265. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003118
Pueo, B., Penichet-Tomas, A., & Jimenez-Olmedo, J. M. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Chronojump open-source jump mat system. Biology of Sport, 37(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.95636
Resolución 8430 de 1993. (1993). Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y adminis-trativas para la investigación en salud. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/lists/bibliotecadigital/ride/de/dij/resolucion-8430-de-1993.pdf
Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Yáñez-García, J. M., Mora-Custodio, R., Sánchez-Medina, L., Ribas-Serna, J., & Gon-zález-Badillo, J. J. (2021). Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular per-formance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(8), 1621–1635. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13967
Schoenfeld, B. J., Contreras, B., Krieger, J., Grgic, J., Delcastillo, K., Belliard, R., & Alto, A. (2019). Re-sistance training volume enhances muscle hypertrophy but not strength in trained men. Medi-cine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764
Shin, M. S., & Sung, Y. H. (2015). Effects of massage on muscular strength and proprioception after exer-cise-induced muscle damage. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(8), 2255–2260. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000688
Triscott, S., Gordon, J., Kuppuswamy, A., King, N., Davey, N., & Ellaway, P. (2008). Differential effects of endurance and resistance training on central fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(9), 941–951. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701885439
Visconti, L., Forni, C., Coser, R., Trucco, M., Magnano, E., & Capra, G. (2020). Comparison of the effec-tiveness of manual massage, long-wave diathermy, and sham diathermy for managing delayed-onset muscle soreness: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physiotherapy, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-019-0073-4
Warburton, D. E. R., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., & Gledhill, N. (2011). The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Ex-amination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4(2), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103
Weerapong, P., Hume, P. A., & Kolt, G. S. (2005). The mechanisms of massage and effects on perfor-mance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine, 35(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004
Weineck, J. (2005). Entrenamiento total. Paidotribo.
Welbergen, E., & Clijsen, L. P. (1990). The influence of body position on maximal performance in cy-cling. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 61(1–2), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00236708
White, G. E., West, S. L., Caterini, J. E., Di Battista, A. P., Rhind, S. G., & Wells, G. D. (2020). Massage thera-py modulates inflammatory mediators following sprint exercise in healthy male athletes. Jour-nal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 5(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5010009
Wiewelhove, T., Schneider, C., Döweling, A., Hanakam, F., Rasche, C., Meyer, T., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., & Ferrauti, A. (2018). Effects of different recovery strategies following a half-marathon on fatigue markers in recreational runners. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0207313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207313
Zainuddin, Z., Newton, M., Sacco, P., & Nosaka, K. (2005). Effects of massage on delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling and recovery of muscle function. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(3), 174–180.
Zhong, H., Wang, C., Wan, Z., & Lei, J. P. (2019). The possible mechanisms of massage therapy. Biomedi-cal Research, 30(6), 11405.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ianelleen Arias Padilla, Marvyn Moya Ortega, Sandra Ramírez Herrera, Luz Mery León Vasco, Walter Gómez Sánchez, Ximena Parra Fernández, Juan López Cuervo, Jaime Arenas Granada
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
