Efecto de la liberación suboccipital versus movilización de tejidos blandos asistida por instrumentos en la cefalea tensional: un ensayo controlado aleatorio

Autores/as

  • Nada Gamal Saad PhD Candidate, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Physical therapy specialist, National Institute of Neuromotor System Giza, Egypt.
  • Neveen Abdel Latif Abdel Raoof Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Vice Dean for Education and Student Affairs, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Amr Azzam Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery, Former Dean of the National Institute of Neuromotor System, Giza, Egypt. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1293-8752.
  • Nouran A. Ibrahim Lecturer of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Rania Reda Mohamed Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.119027

Palabras clave:

Cefalea tensional, liberación suboccipital, movilización de tejidos blandos asistida por instrumentos, fisioterapia, terapia manual

Resumen

Antecedentes: La cefalea tensional es la forma más común de trastorno primario de cefalea asociado con un aumento de la tensión muscular. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos de la liberación suboccipital y la movilización de tejidos blandos asistida por instrumentos (IASTM) en la cefalea tensional.

Métodos: Cincuenta y seis mujeres con cefalea tensional de 20 - 40 años, con un índice de masa corporal que oscilaba entre 18,5 y 24,9, fueron asignadas al azar a tres grupos. El Grupo A (control) (n=18) recibió fisioterapia convencional, incluida compresa caliente y programa de ejercicios. El Grupo B (experimental) (n=19) recibió liberación suboccipital además de fisioterapia convencional y el Grupo C (experimental) (n=19) recibió IASTM además de fisioterapia convencional. Las medidas de resultado incluyeron la intensidad del dolor evaluada mediante la Escala de Calificación Numérica, el umbral del dolor por presión medido con un algómetro de presión, el impacto relacionado con el dolor de cabeza evaluado mediante la Prueba de Impacto del Dolor de Cabeza, la discapacidad funcional cervical evaluada mediante el Índice de Discapacidad del Cuello y la frecuencia del dolor de cabeza medida como el número de días de dolor de cabeza por semana. Las mediciones se registraron al inicio del estudio y después de cuatro semanas de tratamiento.

Resultados: MANOVA mostró que los Grupos B y C tuvieron resultados significativamente mejores que el Grupo A en todas las medidas (P < 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los Grupos B y C en la intensidad del dolor, el umbral del dolor por presión, el impacto del dolor de cabeza y la frecuencia del dolor de cabeza. Sin embargo, el Grupo C mostró una mayor mejora en la capacidad funcional del cuello en comparación con el Grupo B (p=0,001).

Conclusión: Tanto la liberación suboccipital como la IASTM se asociaron con mejoras en la intensidad del dolor, el umbral del dolor por presión, el impacto del dolor de cabeza y la frecuencia del dolor de cabeza en mujeres con cefalea tensional. IASTM mostró una mayor mejora en la capacidad funcional del cuello.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Nada Gamal Saad, PhD Candidate, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Physical therapy specialist, National Institute of Neuromotor System Giza, Egypt.

    PhD Candidate, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Physical therapy specialist, National Institute of Neuromotor System Giza, Egypt.

  • Neveen Abdel Latif Abdel Raoof, Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Vice Dean for Education and Student Affairs, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

    Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Vice Dean for Education and Student Affairs, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

  • Amr Azzam, Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery, Former Dean of the National Institute of Neuromotor System, Giza, Egypt. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1293-8752.

    Consultant of Orthopedic Surgery, Former Dean of the National Institute of Neuromotor System, Giza, Egypt. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1293-8752. 

  • Nouran A. Ibrahim, Lecturer of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

    Lecturer of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

  • Rania Reda Mohamed, Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

    Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

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Publicado

01-05-2026

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Vol. 78 (2026)

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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Derechos de autor 2026 Nada Gamal Saad, Neveen Abdel Latif Abdel Raoof, Amr Azzam, Nouran A. Ibrahim, Rania Reda Mohamed

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Cómo citar

Saad, N. G., Abdel Raoof, N. A. L., Azzam, A., Ibrahim, N. A., & Mohamed, R. R. (2026). Efecto de la liberación suboccipital versus movilización de tejidos blandos asistida por instrumentos en la cefalea tensional: un ensayo controlado aleatorio. Retos, 78, 934-947. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.119027