Entrenamiento hasta el fallo vs. sin llegar al fallo con reducción progresiva del volumen: respuestas neuromusculares y metabólicas en individuos no entrenados

Autores/as

  • Hiago L.R. Souza
  • João M. G. Flora
  • Giovanna Pernetti
  • Igor J. S. Rodrigues
  • Igor H. A. Leite
  • Lucas C. Silva
  • Adriano S. Verame
  • Kailany C. Pires
  • Ana V. Leca
  • Yan L. M. Vieira
  • Diego A. Borba
  • Michael J. O. Andrade
  • Camila F. C. M. Brandão
  • Lucas R. Drummond
  • Gustavo F. Pedrosa
  • Christian E. T. Cabido
  • Hugo C. Martins-Costa
  • Rodrigo C. R. Diniz
  • Marcel B. Lanza
  • Lucas Tulio de Lacerda Lucas Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.119060

Palabras clave:

Electromiografía, Fatiga muscular, Fuerza muscular, Ultrasonografía

Resumen

Introducción: Entrenamiento de resistencia hasta el fallo (RTF) aumenta agudamente las demandas neuromusculares y metabólicas, pero también induce fatiga que puede comprometer los estímulos de entrenamiento posteriores. Pequeñas reducciones del volumen a la misma intensidad, evitando el fallo, pueden atenuar la fatiga mientras se preservan dichos estímulos.

Objetivo: Por lo tanto, este estudio comparó los efectos agudos del RTF y del entrenamiento de resistencia sin llegar al fallo (RTNF) durante el ejercicio de extensión de rodilla.

Metodología: Once varones no entrenados completaron cinco condiciones de RTNF, cada una con una reducción individualizada que osciló entre el 10% y el 50% respecto al número de repeticiones realizadas durante el RTF. Las variables evaluadas incluyeron la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima (MVIC), la electromiografía (EMG), el aumento del grosor muscular del recto femoral (RF) y del vasto lateral (VL), la concentración de lactato en sangre y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE).

Resultados: El RTF provocó mayores aumentos en el área de sección transversal muscular tanto del RF como del VL (p<0,01) en comparación con todas las condiciones de RTNF. La amplitud de la EMG fue mayor en el RTF que en las condiciones con reducciones del 30% al 50% (p=0,01 para VL y RF), mientras que la MVIC (p=0,02) y la frecuencia de la EMG difirieron entre protocolos (p=0,02 para RF; p=0,03 para VL). Además, las respuestas de lactato y RPE (p<0,01) fueron más elevadas después del RTF.

Conclusiones: En resumen, el RTF maximiza el aumento del grosor muscular y el estrés metabólico, mientras que realizar repeticiones hasta un 20% por debajo del fallo proporciona un estímulo neuromuscular comparable, minimizando el estrés metabólico.

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01-05-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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Souza, H. L., Flora, J. M. G., Pernetti, G., Rodrigues, I. J. S., Leite, I. H. A., Silva, L. C., Verame, A. S., Pires, K. C., Leca, A. V., Vieira, Y. L. M., Borba, D. A., Andrade, M. J. O., Brandão, C. F. C. M., Drummond, L. R., Pedrosa, G. F., Cabido, C. E. T., Martins-Costa, H. C., Diniz, R. C. R., Lanza, M. B., & Lucas, L. T. de L. (2026). Entrenamiento hasta el fallo vs. sin llegar al fallo con reducción progresiva del volumen: respuestas neuromusculares y metabólicas en individuos no entrenados. Retos, 78, 984-999. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.119060