Pruebas de condición cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza abdominal para detectar el riesgo de obesidad a través de la relación cintura-estatura en jóvenes

Autores/as

  • Ignacio Salinas Álvarez Escuela de Educación Física, PUCV
  • Benjamín Anguita Ayala Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
  • Nataly Guerra Vivanco Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
  • Julio Brugnara Mello Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119574

Palabras clave:

Antropometría, condición física, estado nutricional, punto de corte

Resumen

Introducción: La obesidad en niños y adolescentes constituye un problema de salud pública relevante, y su detección con aceptable precisión mediante pruebas de condición física favorece su uso como herramienta de evaluación de la salud.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar puntos de corte en pruebas de condición física para la detección del riesgo de obesidad mediante el índice cintura-estatura en jóvenes.

Métodos: Se trata de un análisis secundario de la base de datos del PROESP-Br, en el que se seleccionaron participantes con variables antropométricas y pruebas de condición física de flexibilidad, condición cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza abdominal. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 4645 niños, niñas y adolescentes de entre 6 y 17 años. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron curvas ROC.

Resultados: El estudio presentó resultados significativos para la fuerza abdominal y la prueba de carrera de 6 minutos en ambos grupos etarios (6–12 y 13–17 años), lo que permitió establecer puntos de corte mediante curvas ROC. Para el grupo de 6–12 años, el punto de corte óptimo en la carrera de 6 minutos (AUC > 0,662) fue de 852,5 m, y para la fuerza abdominal (AUC > 0,678), de 26 repeticiones por minuto. En el grupo de 13–17 años, el punto de corte en la carrera de 6 minutos (AUC > 0,668) fue de 880,5 m, y para la fuerza abdominal (AUC > 0,661), de 30 repeticiones por minuto. La flexibilidad fue la única prueba que no presentó resultados significativos en ninguno de los grupos.

Discusión: Los hallazgos coincidieron con investigaciones previas que respaldaban el uso de pruebas de condición física para detectar el riesgo de obesidad en jóvenes, destacándose estos resultados por incorporar el índice cintura-estatura como criterio de referencia.

Conclusión: La prueba de carrera de 6 minutos y la prueba de fuerza abdominal demostraron una precisión suficiente para detectar el riesgo de obesidad en jóvenes de 6 a 12 años y de 13 a 17 años.

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Publicado

30-05-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Salinas Álvarez, I., Anguita Ayala, B., Guerra Vivanco, N., & Brugnara Mello, J. (2026). Pruebas de condición cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza abdominal para detectar el riesgo de obesidad a través de la relación cintura-estatura en jóvenes. Retos, 83, 291-301. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119574