Efectos del ejercicio de inflado de globos sobre la apnea obstructiva del sueño y fuerza respiratoria en niños

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119612

Palabras clave:

apnea apnea obstructiva, del sueño; fuerza , muscular respiratoria, niños en edad escolar

Resumen

Introducción: La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es un trastorno respiratorio relacionado con el sueño frecuente en la población infantil y puede afectar negativamente la salud física, el rendimiento cognitivo y la calidad de vida. El entrenamiento de los músculos respiratorios se ha propuesto como una intervención no invasiva para mejorar la función de las vías respiratorias y reducir los síntomas de la AOS. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de ejercicios de inflado de globos sobre la gravedad de la apnea del sueño y la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios en niños en edad escolar con AOS.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio controlado aleatorizado con 30 niños en edad escolar diagnosticados con AOS. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de ejercicios de inflado de globos (BBG; n = 15) o a un grupo control (CG; n = 15). Los niños del BBG participaron en un programa estructurado durante cinco semanas, mientras que los del grupo control recibieron atención habitual. La gravedad de la apnea del sueño se evaluó mediante una escala de gravedad y la fuerza muscular respiratoria se midió mediante la presión inspiratoria máxima (MIP) y la presión espiratoria máxima (MEP). Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t independientes y apareadas.

Resultados: La gravedad de la apnea del sueño disminuyó significativamente en el BBG en comparación con los valores iniciales y con el grupo control (p < .05). La fuerza muscular respiratoria mejoró significativamente tras la intervención, observándose mayores mejoras en el BBG que en el CG (p < .05). Aunque la MEP aumentó significativamente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en la MIP.

Conclusiones: El programa de ejercicios de inflado de globos redujo eficazmente la gravedad de la apnea del sueño y mejoró la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios en niños en edad escolar con AOS. Estos resultados respaldan el uso de ejercicios de inflado de globos como una intervención sencilla, económica y no invasiva para el manejo de la AOS pediátrica.

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30-05-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Panith, A., Tongtako, W., & Rojnawee, S. (2026). Efectos del ejercicio de inflado de globos sobre la apnea obstructiva del sueño y fuerza respiratoria en niños. Retos, 83, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119612