Efectos de las fases del ciclo menstrual sobre la fuerza muscular y la hipertrofia en mujeres eumenorréicas que realizan entrenamiento de fuerza: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Camila da Silva Faria Federal University of Juiz de Fora
  • Camille dos Reis Molina Federal University of Juiz de Fora
  • Diego Gama Linhares Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
  • Aline Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro Federal University of Juiz de Fora
  • Aline Toledo de Oliveira Federal University of Juiz de Fora
  • Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale Rio de Janeiro State University
  • João Vitor de Souza Moreira Federal University of Juiz de Fora
  • Luís Filipe Moutinho Leitão Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal
  • Maria do Socorro Cirilo de Sousa UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA
  • Pedro Augusto Mariz Dantas Instituto Federal da Paraíba
  • Jeferson Macedo Vianna Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
  • Jefferson da Silva Novaes Federal University of Paraíba

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119754

Palabras clave:

Ciclo menstrual, eumenorréica, entrenamiento de fuerza, fuerza muscular, hipertrofia , mujeres

Resumen

Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos de las fases del ciclo menstrual sobre la fuerza y la hipertrofia en mujeres eumenorréicas que practican entrenamiento de fuerza (EF).

Métodos. La metodología siguió las directrices PRISMA-ScR, realizándose búsquedas en Cochrane Library, PubMed y el Portal de Revistas CAPES utilizando los descriptores "Fuerza muscular", "Ciclo menstrual", "Periodo fértil", "Fase folicular", "Fase lútea" y "Entrenamiento de fuerza". Se incluyeron estudios que involucraban a mujeres adultas eumenorréicas sanas que practicaban EF y cuyos protocolos investigaban el CM, la fuerza y la hipertrofia. Tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, se incluyeron 12 artículos. El análisis metodológico se realizó utilizando la herramienta TESTEX.

Resultados. Se encontró que las fases lútea y folicular tienen el potencial de promover mayores ganancias de fuerza e hipertrofia, posiblemente debido a la combinación hormonal predominante. Además, se demostró que las estrategias de periodización del entrenamiento basadas en las fases del CM optimizan los resultados de fuerza y rendimiento, tal como se evidenció en estudios que adaptaron la frecuencia y la intensidad del EF según el CM. Por otra parte, algunos estudios no encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las fases, lo que podría atribuirse a limitaciones metodológicas como muestras pequeñas, variaciones en los protocolos de intervención y falta de un seguimiento riguroso del ciclo.

Conclusión. Se concluye que las fases lútea y folicular muestran un mayor potencial para las ganancias de hipertrofia muscular debido a la combinación hormonal predominante en estos periodos, y que se requieren más investigaciones sobre las ganancias de fuerza muscular.

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Publicado

30-05-2026

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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da Silva Faria, C., dos Reis Molina, C., Gama Linhares, D., Aparecida de Souza Ribeiro, A., Toledo de Oliveira, A., Gomes de Souza Vale, R., de Souza Moreira, J. V., Moutinho Leitão, L. F., Cirilo de Sousa, M. do S., Mariz Dantas, P. A., Macedo Vianna, J., & da Silva Novaes, J. (2026). Efectos de las fases del ciclo menstrual sobre la fuerza muscular y la hipertrofia en mujeres eumenorréicas que realizan entrenamiento de fuerza: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 83, 671-683. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119754