Relación entre los componentes de la aptitud física, las funciones ejecutivas y las habilidades socioemocionales en niños en edad escolar

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119799

Palabras clave:

Coordinación motora, Rendimiento cognitivo, Control inhibitorio, desarrollo infantil, Memoria de Trabajo

Resumen

Introducción: La evidencia indica que la actividad y la aptitud física se asocian con la función cerebral y el rendimiento cognitivo en la infancia, aunque aún no está claro qué componentes específicos se relacionan con los subdominios de la función ejecutiva y las habilidades socioemocionales.

Objetivo: Evaluar las relaciones entre los componentes de aptitud física, funciones ejecutivas y habilidades socioemocionales en niños en edad escolar.

Metodología: Estudio transversal con 93 niños de 8 a 12 años. Se evaluaron el control inhibitorio, la memoria de trabajo, la aptitud física y las habilidades socioemocionales. Se realizaron correlaciones, seguidas de regresión lineal múltiple ajustada por edad.

Resultados: Varios componentes de la aptitud física se correlacionaron con la función ejecutiva. La coordinación ojo-mano mostró las asociaciones más fuertes, especialmente con el control inhibitorio (rs = 0,570; p < 0,001). En la regresión, fue el principal predictor de la función ejecutiva global y del control inhibitorio, explicando hasta el 33,5 % de la varianza. La memoria de trabajo se correlacionó con la aptitud física, pero se explicó principalmente por la edad (p = 0,004). No se observaron asociaciones con habilidades socioemocionales.

Discusión: Diferentes componentes de la aptitud física pueden contribuir de manera distinta a los dominios de la función ejecutiva, con la coordinación perceptivo-motora desempeñando un papel central.

Conclusiones: Componentes específicos de la aptitud física, en particular la coordinación ojo-mano, se asocian con la función ejecutiva, especialmente el control inhibitorio, destacando la importancia de la coordinación motora en el desarrollo cognitivo infantil.

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30-05-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Franco, S., da Rocha Fernandes, V., Teixeira Guimarães, T., & Camaz Deslandes, A. (2026). Relación entre los componentes de la aptitud física, las funciones ejecutivas y las habilidades socioemocionales en niños en edad escolar. Retos, 83, 697-710. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119799