Level of physical activity of adolescents in private secondary educational establishments in the city of Lima after the period of confinement due to COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108313Keywords:
Physical activity, Adolescents, COVID-19 confinement, Private education, Physical inactivity, Adolescent healthAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have had a significant impact on adolescent physical activity (PA). This study aimed to evaluate the level of PA of adolescents in private secondary educational establishments in the city of Lima after the period of confinement due to COVID-19. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 380 students (202 men and 178 women) aged 14 to 16, using the "Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents" (PAQ-A) to measure PA. The results indicated that post-confinement PA levels are below the WHO recommendations, with the overall average of the PAQ-A scores falling within the ranges of physical inactivity. Sociodemographic analyzes revealed significant differences by gender and age, with male adolescents reporting higher levels of PA than female adolescents, and 14-year-olds being more active than 16-year-olds. Furthermore, students from institutions with lower socioeconomic vulnerability rates had better PA averages. The conclusions suggest the need to design specific strategies to increase PA in adolescent girls and older students, as well as strengthen the promotion of PA in educational centers with high socioeconomic vulnerability. This study provides evidence on the importance of interventions aimed at improving the PA of post-lockdown adolescents, highlighting the influence of sociodemographic and contextual factors.
Keywords: Physical activity, Adolescents, COVID-19 confinement, Private education, Physical inactivity, Adolescent health.
References
Andersen, L. B., Harro, M., Sardinha, L. B., Froberg, K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., & Anderssen, S. A. (2006). Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: A cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). The Lancet, 368(9532), 299-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69075-2
Balanzá–Martínez, V., Atienza–Carbonell, B., Kapczinski, F., & De Boni, R. B. (2020). Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 141(5), 399-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13177
Benítez-Porres, J., López, I., Barrera-Expósito, J., Alvero-Cruz, J. R., & Carnero, E. A. (2015). Puntos de corte para clasificar adolescentes activos a través del cuestionario de actividad física para adolescentes (PAQ-A). Gymnasium, 1(1), 71-73.
Biddle, S. J. H., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of re-views. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886-895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
Camacho-Minano, M. J., LaVoi, N. M., & Barr-Anderson, D. J. (2011). Interventions to promote physical activity among young and adolescent girls: A systematic review. Health Education Research, 26(6), 1025-1049. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr040
Carriedo, A., Cecchini, J. A., Fernández-Álvarez, L. E., & González, C. (2022). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Adolescents after the COVID-19 Lockdown and One Year Afterward. International Journal of Environmental Re-search and Public Health, 19(22), 14660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214660
Chaput, J.-P., Willumsen, J., Bull, F., Chou, R., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Jago, R., Ortega, F. B., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2020). 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for children and adolescents aged 5–17 years: Summary of the evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z
Crocker, P. R. E., Bailey, D. A., Faulkner, R. A., Kowalski, K. C., & McGRATH, R. (1997). Measuring general levels of physical activity: Preliminary evidence for the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29(10), 1344-1349. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199710000-00011
Dong, X., Ding, L., Zhang, R., Ding, M., Wang, B., & Yi, X. (2021). Physical Activity, Screen-Based Sedentary Behav-ior and Physical Fitness in Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 722079. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.722079
Duncan, M., Woodfield, L., Al‐Nakeeb, Y., & Nevill, A. (2006). The Impact of Socio‐Economic Status on the Physi-cal Activity Levels of British Secondary School Children. European Journal of Physical Education, 7(1), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898020070104
Dunton, G. F., Do, B., & Wang, S. D. (2020). Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and seden-tary behavior in children living in the U.S. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1351. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09429-3
Ekelund, U. (2012). Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. JAMA, 307(7), 704. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.156
Faúndez-Casanova, C., Letelier, B., Muñoz, M., Pino, C., Plaza, P., Silva, L., & Castillo-Retamal, F. (2022). Con-ducta sedentaria, nivel de actividad física y desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes durante Covid-19 en Chile: Un estudio piloto (Sedentary behavior, physical activity level and executive function development in students during Covid-19 in Chile: a pilot estudy). Retos, 47, 221-227. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.90598
Fouilloux, C., Fouilloux-Morales, M., Tafoya, S. A., & Petra-Micu, I. (2021). Asociación entre actividad física y salud mental positiva en estudiantes de medicina en México: Un estudio transversal. Cuadernos de Psicología del Depor-te, 21(3), 1-15.
Giakoni, F., Paredes Bettancourt, P., & Duclos-Bastías, D. (2020). Educación Física en Chile: Tiempo de dedicación y su influencia en la condición física, composición corporal y nivel de actividad física en escolares (Physical Education in Chile: time spent and its influence on physical condition, body composition, and l. Retos, 39, 24-29. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77781
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Ad-olescent Health, 4(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
Ibarra-Mora, J. L., Ventura Vall-Llovera, C., & Hernández-Mosqueira, C. (2019). Hábitos de vida saludable de acti-vidad física, alimentación, sueño y consumo de tabaco y alcohol, en estudiantes adolescentes chilenos. Sportis. Sci-entific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 5(1), 70-84. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2019.5.1.3500
Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Játiva Almeida, J. G., Paucar Morales, A. R., & Carrillo Fernández, S. C. (2022). Programa de actividad física para niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad post pandemia. Revista Cognosis, 7(1), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v7i1.4531
Jebeile, H., Kelly, A. S., O’Malley, G., & Baur, L. A. (2022). Obesity in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 10(5), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X
Jiménez Boraita, R., Gargallo Ibort, E., Dalmau Torres, J. M., & Arriscado Alsina, D. (2022). Factors associated with a low level of physical activity in adolescents from La Rioja (Spain). Anales de Pediatría (English Edition), 96(4), 326-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2021.02.014
Jiménez-Loaisa, A., De Los Reyes-Corcuera, M., Martínez-Martínez, J., & Valenciano Valcárcel, J. (2022). Niveles de actividad y condición física en escolares de Educación Primaria en la “nueva normalidad” (Levels of activity and physical condition in primary school students in the «new normality»). Retos, 47, 442-451. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.94903
K. C., S., Kaphle, H. P., Neupane, N., & Baral, S. (2024). Internet use and its association with physical activity among adolescents in Beni Municipality, Myagdi, Nepal. PLOS ONE, 19(5), e0302456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302456
Longmuir, P., Colley, R., Wherley, V., & Tremblay, M. (2014). Risks and benefits of childhood physical activity. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2(11), 861-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70221-9
Marambio Miranda, M., Núñez Fernández, T., Ramírez Guajardo, J., Ramírez Eyraud, P., Palma Leal, X. A., & Rodríguez-Rodríguez., F. (2019). Relación entre la actividad física escolar y extraescolar en estudiantes de escuelas públicas chilenas (Relationship between school and out-of-school physical activity in Chilean public school chil-dren). Retos, 37, 393-399. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.72851
Martínez-de-Quel, Ó., Suárez-Iglesias, D., López-Flores, M., & Pérez, C. A. (2021). Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study. Appetite, 158, 105019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105019
Mayorga-Vega, D., Parra Saldías, M., & Viciana, J. (2019). Niveles objetivos de actividad física durante las clases de Educación Física en estudiantes chilenos usando acelerometría (Objectively measured physical activity levels during Physical Education lessons in Chilean students using accelerometry). Retos, 37, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.69238
Mera, A. Y., Tabares-Gonzalez, E., Montoya-Gonzalez, S., Muñoz-Rodriguez, D. I., & Monsalve Vélez, F. (2020). Recomendaciones prácticas para evitar el desacondicionamiento físico durante el confinamiento por pandemia aso-ciada a COVID-19. Universidad y Salud, 22(2), 166-177. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.202202.188
Mikaelsson, K., Rutberg, S., Lindqvist, A.-K., & Michaelson, P. (2020). Physically inactive adolescents’ experiences of engaging in physical activity. European Journal of Physiotherapy, 22(4), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2019.1567808
Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on move-ment and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: A national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nu-trition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8
Parra Sepúlveda, Y. V., Pereira Doupouy, Y. A., Jofré Vásquez, N. V., Alfaro Castillo, B. S., & Andrades, O. A. (2023). Nivel de actividad física realizada en alumnos de establecimientos particulares subvencionados de la comu-na de Talcahuano en tiempo de confinamiento. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud, 20(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-1.2
Pfister, G., & Sisjord, M. K. (2013). Gender and Sport: Changes and Challenges. Waxmann.
Pietrobelli, A., Pecoraro, L., Ferruzzi, A., Heo, M., Faith, M., Zoller, T., Antoniazzi, F., Piacentini, G., Fearnbach, S. N., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 28(8), 1382-1385. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22861
Sanchez-Urrea, A., & Izquierdo Rus, T. (2020). Factores socioeconómicos que influyen en la salud nutricional y ac-tividad física de escolares (Influence of socioeconomic factors in the health state of primary education stu-dents). Retos, 40, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.81106
Sevilla Morocho, L. E. (2023). Evaluación del nivel de condición física post pandemia en estudiantes adolescentes del Ecuador. Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, 28(302), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v28i302.3649
Singh, A. S., Saliasi, E., van den Berg, V., Uijtdewilligen, L., de Groot, R. H. M., Jolles, J., Andersen, L. B., Bailey, R., Chang, Y.-K., Diamond, A., Ericsson, I., Etnier, J. L., Fedewa, A. L., Hillman, C. H., McMorris, T., Pesce, C., Pühse, U., Tomporowski, P. D., & Chinapaw, M. J. M. (2019). Effects of physical activity interventions on cogni-tive and academic performance in children and adolescents: A novel combination of a systematic review and rec-ommendations from an expert panel. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(10), 640. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098136
Tapia López, A. (2019). Diferencias en los niveles de actividad física, grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y autoconcepto físico en adolescentes en función del sexo (Gender differences in physical activity levels, degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physi. Retos, 36, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.67130
UNICEF. (2020). COVID-19 and children. UNICEF DATA. https://data.unicef.org/covid-19-and-children/
Urrea Cuéllar, Á. M., & Barbosa Granados, S. H. (2018). Influencia del deporte y la actividad física en el estado de salud físico y mental: Una revisión bibliográfica. Instutución Universitaria de Enviga-do. https://bibliotecadigital.iue.edu.co/jspui/handle/20.500.12717/1963
Vasconcellos, F., Seabra, A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kraemer-Aguiar, L. G., Bouskela, E., & Farinatti, P. (2014). Physi-cal Activity in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: Systematic Review of the Effects on Physical Fitness Compo-nents and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Sports Medicine, 44(8), 1139-1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0193-7
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid sys-tematic review. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Xiang, M., Zhang, Z., & Kuwahara, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(4), 531-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013
Yáñez Sepúlveda, R., Barraza Gómez, F., & Mahecha Matsudo, S. (2016). Actividad Física, Rendimiento Académico y Autoconcepto Físico en Adolescentes de Quintero, Chile. Educación Física y Ciencia, 18(2), 00-00.
Yáñez-Silva, A., Hespanhol, J. E., Gómez Campos, R., & Cossio-Bolaños, M. (2014). Valoración de la actividad física en adolescentes escolares por medio de cuestionario. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 41(4), 360-366. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182014000400003
Ziab, H., Mazbouh, R., Alaaeddine, H., Takoch, D., Al Jammal, H., & Hadian, M. R. (2022). The impact of physical activity classes on academic performance in Lebanese students aged 9 to 14 years: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of Pediatrics, Online First. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2022.62016.4755
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
