Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers in overweight or obese children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.116869Keywords:
Adolescents, cardiometabolic biomarkers, high-intensity interval training, obesity, overweightAbstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as an effective strategy for improving cardiometabolic health in overweight or obese children and adolescents.
Objective: To analyze the impact of HIIT on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents aged 7 to 19 years who are overweight or obese.
Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined using the PICOT approach. Methodological quality was assessed using the MMAT scale (2018). A PubMed search identified 27 studies, of which 6 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The studies implemented HIIT interventions with a minimum frequency of two sessions per week. Variables such as lipid profile, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and VO₂peak were assessed. The results show consistent improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, while the effects on other biomarkers were variable.
Discussion: Heterogeneity in the duration of the protocols and training frequency could explain the variability in the observed cardiometabolic results.
Conclusions: HIIT is a promising strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight or obese adolescents, although its effectiveness on other biomarkers depends on the program design. Its implementation could be optimized through multidimensional interventions that integrate educational, behavioral, and family components, along with standardized protocols and more accurate body measurements.
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