Impacto do exercício no Vo₂pico e Fev₁ na fibrose quística: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117144Palavras-chave:
Fibrose quística, exercício físico, VO₂pico, VEF₁, capacidade aeróbia, qualidade de vidaResumo
Introdução: A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética multissistêmica caracterizada por secreções espessas, dano pulmonar progressivo e comprometimento funcional. Entre os principais indicadores prognósticos, destacam-se o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO₂peak) e o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF₁). Embora o exercício físico seja recomendado por diretrizes clínicas como parte do tratamento integral da FC, ainda há incerteza quanto ao seu impacto objetivo, especialmente sobre a função pulmonar.
Objetivos: Avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) publicados desde 2017, os efeitos do exercício físico sobre o VO₂peak e o VEF₁ em pessoas com FC.
Metodologia: Foram seguidas as diretrizes PRISMA 2020. Foram incluídos ECR com participantes diagnosticados com FC, sem restrição de idade, que comparassem programas de exercício (aeróbico, de força ou combinados) com cuidados padrão. Os estudos deveriam relatar medidas pré e pós-intervenção de VO₂peak e/ou VEF₁. A busca bibliográfica foi atualizada até maio de 2025. O risco de viés foi avaliado com a ferramenta RoB 2, e a certeza da evidência, com o sistema GRADE.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 13 ECR (n = 392; idades entre 6 e 40 anos). Na maioria dos estudos, o exercício físico melhorou significativamente o VO₂peak (incrementos de 5% a 15%). Em contraste, não foram observadas melhorias significativas no VEF₁. Apenas um estudo (ACTIVATE-CF) mostrou um aumento transitório no grupo controle aos seis meses.
Conclusões: O exercício físico melhora de forma consistente a capacidade aeróbica em indivíduos com FC, mas não induz mudanças clinicamente relevantes na função pulmonar (VEF₁) em curto prazo.
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