How province and sport discipline shape female athletes’ perceptions of patriarchal culture: the role of coach gender
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.117731Keywords:
patriarchal culture , emale athletes, competitive sports, gender equalityAbstract
Introduction: Patriarchal culture remains a significant barrier to women’s participation in competitive sports, including national-level events such as the 2024 National Sports Week (PON XXI) in Indonesia. However, female athletes’ perceptions of this issue have rarely been examined systematically.
Objective: This study aimed to assess perceptions of patriarchal culture among female athletes participating in PON XXI 2024 and to examine the effects of province, type of sport, and coach gender on these perceptions.
Methodology: A quantitative descriptive-comparative design was employed involving 407 female athletes from DKI Jakarta, West Java, and East Java selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Data were collected using a 47-item questionnaire validated through exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.79; factor loadings > 0.50) with high reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.87). Two-Way ANCOVA was used for data analysis.
Result: Province significantly influenced perceptions of patriarchal culture (p < 0.05), whereas type of sport and coach gender showed no significant effects. Female athletes from East Java reported the highest perceived levels of patriarchal culture, followed by West Java, while the lowest scores were found in DKI Jakarta.
Discussion: The findings emphasize the importance of local socio-cultural contexts in shaping female athletes’ experiences and support the development of gender-sensitive sports policies.
Conclusions: Perceptions of patriarchal culture were influenced primarily by provincial context rather than sport type or coach gender, highlighting the need for culturally responsive strategies to promote gender equality in Indonesian competitive sports.
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