Lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas de elite no Centro de Alto Rendimento do Chile: prevalência e características

Autores

  • Felipe Podestá Barrientos Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Centro de Alto Rendimiento, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. (Chile)
  • Pía Altamirano Altamirano Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Centro de Alto Rendimiento, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. (Chile)
  • Cristóbal San Martín Mohr Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Medicina Deportiva y Ciencias del Ejercicio (Chile). Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Kinesiología (Chile).
  • Andr´es Flores-Leon Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Medicina Deportiva y Ciencias del Ejercicio (Chile). Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Kinesiología (Chile). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-2758

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117812

Palavras-chave:

Lesões desportivas, epidemiologia clínica, sistema músculo-esquelético, desportos

Resumo

Introdução: Há necessidade de caracterizar as lesões musculoesqueléticas (LME) em atletas de elite para compreender os fatores associados à sua ocorrência e o seu impacto no desempenho atlético.

Objectivo: Caracterizar as LME em atletas de elite atendidos no Centro de Alto Rendimento do Chile.

Metodologia: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Foram recolhidos 286 atletas e 372 processos clínicos do serviço de fisioterapia durante o ano de 2023. Foram consideradas as variáveis ​​​​demográficas, o tipo e localização da lesão, o período e o mecanismo. Foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas, testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística para identificar os fatores de risco, utilizando o software Jamovi, com significância estatística definida em p < 0,05.

Resultados: Aproximadamente 1 em cada 4 atletas apresentou pelo menos uma LME, com recorrência em alguns casos. As lesões predominaram no sexo masculino, foram devidas a sobrecarga e afetaram os membros inferiores, sobretudo de natureza muscular (p < 0,01). Os desportos de combate apresentaram maior risco de lesões traumáticas, enquanto os desportos com bola e os desportos de força-resistência apresentaram um predomínio das lesões por sobrecarga, com variações de acordo com o sexo (p<0,01).

Discussão: Os achados são consistentes com estudos anteriores sobre as características das lesões musculoesqueléticas (LME), embora, ao contrário de outras pesquisas, as lesões traumáticas não tenham predominado durante as competições. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem informação relevante para otimizar a tomada de decisão clínica por parte da equipa médica nas recomendações aos atletas e às suas redes de suporte.

Conclusões: A prevalência de LME ultrapassou, em média, uma lesão por atleta, sendo mais frequente nos homens, associada a sobrecarga durante o treino e afetando principalmente os membros inferiores e o tecido muscular, com variações no risco de acordo com a modalidade desportiva.

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Publicado

12-02-2026

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Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Podestá Barrientos, F., Altamirano Altamirano, P., San Martín Mohr, C., & Flores-Leon, A. (2026). Lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas de elite no Centro de Alto Rendimento do Chile: prevalência e características. Retos, 76, 769-781. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117812