Caminhos para a competência social: as competências motoras e o papel mediador da independência na educação de infância
Pathways to social competence: motor skills and the mediating role of independence in early childhood education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118679Palavras-chave:
Aptidões motoras, independência, competências sociais, educação de infância, PLS-SEM, mediaçãoResumo
Contexto. O período pré-escolar é uma transição crítica durante a qual o desenvolvimento motor e social estabelece as bases para a prontidão escolar. Embora a literatura tenha discutido amplamente a relação direta entre as competências físicas e as competências sociais, os mecanismos psicológicos que as ligam, particularmente o papel da independência, são ainda raramente explorados de forma holística no contexto da educação de infância.
O objetivo deste estudo é examinar o papel da independência como mediadora na relação entre as competências motoras grossas e finas e as competências sociais em crianças dos 5 aos 6 anos de idade. Utilizando um desenho transversal explicativo, este estudo incluiu 400 crianças pré-escolares de Makassar, Indonésia, selecionadas através de um procedimento de amostragem por conglomerados em dois estágios. Os dados foram recolhidos através de observação estruturada ao longo de três meses por professores certificados, utilizando instrumentos validados. A análise dos dados foi realizada através da modelação de equações estruturais por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) com o software SmartPLS 4.0.
Os resultados da análise do modelo estrutural mostram que as competências motoras têm um efeito positivo significativo na independência e nas competências sociais. As principais conclusões deste estudo revelam que a independência atua como um mediador parcial significativo, sendo as influências indiretas da independência mais fortes do que as influências motoras diretas sobre as competências sociais. Os resultados do PLS-predict confirmam que o modelo tem um poder preditivo intermédio para o desenvolvimento infantil.
O desenvolvimento da independência atua como um "acelerador", transformando a eficácia física em competência social. As implicações deste estudo realçam a importância de um currículo de educação física que não só treine a agilidade física, mas também integre o desenvolvimento da autonomia e da tomada de decisões independentes para apoiar de forma otimizada a participação social das crianças.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Usman Usman, Arismunandar Arismunandar, Rusmayadi Rusmayadi, Syamsuardi Saodi, Muhammad Akil Musi, Herlina Hasan
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