The implementation of creative writing based on sport experience to improve Physical Education students’ academic competence

Authors

  • Dessy Wardiah Universitas PGRI Palembang
  • Hetilaniar Hetilaniar Universitas PGRI Palembang
  • Aswadi Jaya Universitas PGRI Palembang
  • Kasemrat Wiwitkunkasem Shinawatra University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119022

Keywords:

Creative writing, sport experience, academic competence, Physical Education, self-expression

Abstract

Introduction: ademic competence in physical education students depends not only on physical abilities but also on reflective thinking and the ability to express ideas in writing. Creative writing based on sport experiences can support academic development.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of sport experience-based creative writing in improving students’ academic competence.

Methodology: This study used a true experimental design with pre-test and post-test involving an experimental and a control group. A total of 120 students were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (n = 60) and control (n = 60). The experimental group engaged in reflective and narrative writing activities, while the control group followed conventional learning. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test with IBM SPSS 22.

Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement (56.20 to 74.60; Sig. = 0.000), while the control group showed limited progress. A significant difference was also found in the post-test (Sig. = 0.004).

Conclusion: Creative writing based on sport experience is effective in improving the academic competence of Physical Education students.

References

Ahmed, A., & Ahmed, M. (2022). Academic writing: Types, elements, and strategies. IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education, 5(2), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.52217/ijlhe.v5i2.989

Ahmed, S. K. (2024). How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchers. Oral Oncology Report, 12, 100662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662

Aljuaid, H. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence tools on academic writing instruction in higher education: A systematic review. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), Special Issue on ChatGPT, 26–55. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/ChatGPT.2

Atasoy, A. (2021). The relationship between writing self-efficacy and writing skill: A meta-analysis study. Egitim ve Bilim, 46(208), 213–236. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2021.10024

Ayu, N., Suharno, & Chrysti Suryandari, K. (2023). Exploration: Creative thinking skills in writing essays media-based image series. International Journal of Elementary Education, 7(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v7i1.54095

Azevedo, E. L., Mesquita, I. R., & Araújo, R. F. (2022). El desarrollo de habilidades reflexivas en la formación del profesorado de educación física: una revisión sistemática (The development of reflective skills in physical education teacher education: a systematic review). Retos, 46, 162-178. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94080

Bailey, C., & Bizzaro, P. (2019). Research in creative writing: Theory into practice. Research in the Teaching English, 52(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.58680/rte201729201

Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (Digcompedu). European journal of education, 54(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12345

Cappello, N., Rodríguez, D., Hernández, E., & Cañabate, D. (2025). Writing in movement : Movement-based performing arts for developing physical education teachers ’ identity. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 63, 829–845. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.111684

Carvalho, J. A. B. (2023). The promotion of academic literacy in higher education: The course reading and writing for the production of academic knowledge. Didacticae. Revista de Investigación En Didácticas Específicas, 14, 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1344/did.2023.14.126-136

Chasi-Solórzano, B., Nuñez-Zumba, C., & Araujo-Chalá, M. J. (2025). Creative writing teaching techniques on the development of written expression. Revista Cátedra, 8(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.29166/catedra.v8i1.7343

Creswell, J. W. (2022). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research Second Edition. SAGE Publications.

Cronin, M., Hubbard, V., Jr., T. A. C., & Frost, P. (2020). Combatting professional burnout through creative writing. Clinics in Dermatology, 38(5), 512–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.05.004

Déri, C. E., Tremblay-Wragg, É., & Mathieu-C., S. (2022). Academic writing groups in higher education: History and state of play. International Journal of Higher Education, 11(1), 85–99. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1340593

Dhananjaya, P. A., Karima, F. H., & Egar, N. (2024). Improving students’ writing skill in writing descriptive text using brainstorming plus webbing techniques. Journal of Nusantara Education, 3(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.57176/jn.v3i2.100

Fadhillah, N., Sudjarwo, S., & Habsari, D. (2023). Students’ perception of project based learning in writing class. International Journal of Education and Digital Learning (IJEDL), 1(3), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.47353/ijedl.v1i3.12

Feretti, R. P., & Graham, S. (2019). Argumentative writing: Theory, assessment, and instruction. Reading and Writing, 32, 1345-1357. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11145-019-09950-x

Goshu, K. C., & Gebremariam, H. T. (2024). Revisiting writing feedback: Using teacher-student writing conferences to enhance learners’ L2 writing skills. Ampersand, 13(September), 100195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100195

Goveia, J. C. De, Okuno, N. M., Lise, N. S., Roberto, J., Cantorani, H., Vargas, T. M., Pedroso, B., & Vargas, L. M. (2025). Physical activity level and associated factors in University students post-COVID-19 pandemic. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 2041, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.107943

Harmer, J. (2017). How to teach English. In pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.54414/mzlv3216

Hubert, C., Bonnardel, N., & Frey, A. (2025). Effects of daily creative writing practice at school on the cognitive development of children from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 58(101881). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101881

Hyland, K. (2019). Teaching and researching writing (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315717203

Kirk, D. (2022). Physical education futures: Revisited. Routledge.

Li, M., Chen, Y.-T., Huang, C.-Q., B, G.-J. H., & Cukurova, M. (2023). From motivational experience to creative writing: A motivational AR-based learning approach to promoting Chinese writing performance and positive writing behaviours. Computers & Education, 202(104844). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104844

Listyani. (2019). The use of a visual image to promote narrative writing ability and creativity. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2019(80), 193–224. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1211623.pdf.

Macphail, A., Ulvik, M., Guberman, A., Czerniawski, G., Oolbekkink-Marchand, H., & Bain, Y. (2019). The professional development of higher education-based teacher educators: Needs and realities. Professional Development in Education, 45(5), 848–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2018.1529610.

Makwana, D., Engineer, P., Dabhi, A., & Chudasama, H. (2023). Sampling methods in research: A review. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 7(3), 762–768. https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd57470.pdf.

Miall, D. S., & Kuiken, D. (2019). Aspects of literary response: A new questionnaire. Research Teaching in English, 29(1), 37–58. https://doi.org/10.58680/rte199515356

Moonma, J. (2021). Collaborative writing in EFL classroom : Comparison on group , pair , and individual writing activities in argumentative tasks 2. Literature Review. 7(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522.2021.73.179.188

Neuman, W. L. (2019). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Pearson.

Nitko, A. J. (2019). Educational assessment of students. Prentice Hall.

Perrone, R., Minghelli, V., Pallonetto, L., Marchesano, M. ., & Palumbo, C. (2024). Writing and movement: new approaches for the development and assessment of grapho-motor skills in Primary School. 16th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 6569–6577. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2024.1552

PISA. (2021). 21st-century readers: Developing literacy skills in a digital world.

Priyadi, A. T., Dwi, I., Wati, P., Amir, A., Gover, T., Ringo, S., Gatot, Y., Yuliana, S., Khory, F. D., Auliya, D., Ghasya, V., & Haetemi, M. (2024). How are motor skills and writing readiness in children? A literature review. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 61, 141–147. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109558

Purnomo, E., Jermaina, N., Marheni, E., Gumilar, A., Widarsa, A. H., Elpatsa, A., & Abidin, N. E. Z. (2024). Enhancing problem-solving skills through physical education learning: A comprehensive analysis. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 58, 435–444. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106838

Rahayu, Weda, S., Muliati, & De Vega, N. (2024). Artificial intelligence in writing instruction: A self-determination theory perspective. XLinguae, 17(1), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2024.17.01.16

Roberts, H. G. A., Barciela, R., Flint, S., Fussell, I., Maestri, E., Mañosa Nyblon, C., Marple, A., Sabet, F., & Stott, P. (2023). New narratives for a healthy planet: Creative writing and art projects reveal We Still Have a Chance. The Lancet Planetary Health, 7(8), e646–e647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00144-4

Robinson, J. (2024). Likert scale. Springer International Publishing.

Sember, V., Jurak, G., Kovac, M., Morrison, S. A., & Starc, G. (2020). Children’s physical activity, academic performance, and cognitive functioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers : Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00307

Siedentop, D., & Mars, H. Van Der. (2022). Introduction to physical education, fitness, and sport (9th ed.). Human Kinetics.

Singh, A. S., Saliasi, E., Van den Berg, V., & Uijtdewiligen, L. (2019). Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: A novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(10), 640–647. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098136

Sword, H. (2023). Writing with pleasure. Torrossa.

Wallace, J., Scanlon, D., & Calderón, A. (2023). Digital technology and teacher digital competency in physical education: A holistic view of teacher and student perspectives. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 14(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2022.2106881

Williyan, A., Ilyas, M., Shahat, S., Guntur, M., & Rosalina, U. (2025). AI-powered pedagogy for argumentative essays in tertiary ELT: Insights from focus groups. Journal of General Education and Humanities, 4(3), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v4i3.423

Young, L., O’Connor, J., & Alfrey, L. (2020). Physical literacy: A concept analysis. Sport, Education and Society, 25(8), 946–959. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2019.1677586

Zhang, H., Xu, X., Lei, V. N. L., Hong, W. C. H., & Jie, W. (2025). Academic writing challenges and supports for early-stage Chinese postgraduates: A mixed-methods study on teaching-research integration, supervisor engagement, and self-efficacy. PLoS ONE, 20(2 February). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317470

Zhang, P., Fan, J., & Jia, W. (2022). Assessing L2 integrated writing self-efficacy: Development and validation of a scale. Assessing Writing, 54, 100665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2022.100665

Downloads

Published

24-04-2026

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Wardiah, D., Hetilaniar, H., Jaya, A., & Wiwitkunkasem, K. (2026). The implementation of creative writing based on sport experience to improve Physical Education students’ academic competence. Retos, 80, 291-302. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.119022