Métodos para evaluar el salto vertical en hombres entrenados en resistencia: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.116788Palabras clave:
Evaluación, salto con contramovimiento, entrenamiento de resistencia, salto verticalResumen
Objetivo: esta revisión tuvo como objetivo investigar los métodos utilizados para la evaluación del salto vertical en hombres con experiencia en entrenamiento de resistencia.
Metodología: esta revisión siguió las directrices PRISMA y fue registrada en PROSPERO (CRD42024598675). Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed (vía MEDLINE), SportDiscus y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron estudios transversales realizados con hombres con experiencia en entrenamiento de resistencia que fueron evaluados mediante pruebas de salto vertical.
Resultados durante la etapa inicial de selección, se identificaron 5011 artículos. De estos, 3003 fueron detectados como duplicados y excluidos, junto con 1978 artículos eliminados durante la fase de evaluación por título y resumen, y 18 artículos durante la fase de revisión del texto completo. Así, se consideraron 12 artículos para el análisis final. Cinco estudios fueron clasificados como de "alta calidad" y siete como de "calidad moderada".
Conclusiones: el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ, por sus siglas en inglés) emergió como el único tipo de salto vertical utilizado para evaluar el rendimiento en los estudios seleccionados. Las herramientas de evaluación indirecta, como las alfombrillas de contacto y los sistemas de cronometraje por infrarrojos, fueron las más utilizadas debido a sus ventajas económicas y operativas. El CMJ fue aplicado en distintos momentos posteriores al estímulo del entrenamiento. El número de intentos, los intervalos entre ellos y la puntuación final variaron entre los estudios.
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