AI-driven wearable technologies for brain tumor risk assessment among professional athletes: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117755Keywords:
artificial intelligence, wearable technologies, brain tumor, professional athletes, EEG, sportsAbstract
Introduction: the study addressed the emerging role of artificial intelligence combined with wearable technologies in the assessment of brain tumor risk among professional athletes. the importance of early detection and continuous monitoring was highlighted.
Objective: the purpose of this study was to systematically review recent advances in wearable systems enhanced by artificial intelligence and to critically evaluate their applicability, effectiveness, and potential benefits for neurological risk assessment in professional athletes, with emphasis on early detection, monitoring, and preventive strategies.
Methodology: a systematic review methodology was employed, analyzing recent studies on wearable biosensors, physiological monitoring techniques, and artificial intelligence algorithms. collected data were evaluated and synthesized comparatively to identify patterns, assess applicability, and highlight advancements in neurological risk assessment.
Results: the study demonstrated that wearable devices integrated with artificial intelligence enabled reliable detection of early neurological abnormalities, effective monitoring of concussion-related risks, and comprehensive assessment of fatigue, recovery, and stress-related biomarkers in professional athletes, enhancing overall neurological health management.
Discussion: the findings confirmed that AI-based wearables aligned with previous evidence in medical diagnostics, while also extending applications to sports medicine. the integration of multimodal sensing and real-time analytics was emphasized.
Conclusions: AI-driven wearable technologies offer a pathway toward proactive, personalized risk assessment in athletes, with potential to enhance health, safety, and performance.
References
Ahmed, A., Aziz, S., Abd-Alrazaq, A., Farooq, F., Househ, M., & Sheikh, J. (2023). The effectiveness of wearable devices using artificial intelligence for blood glucose level forecasting or prediction: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e40259. DOI: 10.2196/40259
Al-Shareeda, M. A., Obaid, A. A., & Almajid, A. A. H. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Body-building: A Systematic Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects. Jordanian Journal of Informatics and Computing, 2025(1), 16-26. DOI: 10.63180/jjic.thestap.2025.1.3
Alam, S., Shuaib, M., & Alshanketi, F. (2025). Wearable technology for blockchain-enabled smart healthcare applications using flexible piezoelectric materials and strain measurement devices. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/15376494.2025.2512181
Alavinejad, M., Shirzad, M., Javid-Naderi, M. J., Rahdar, A., Fathi-Karkan, S., & Pandey, S. (2025). Smart nanomedicines powered by artificial intelligence: a breakthrough in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Medical Oncology, 42(5), 134. DOI: 10.1007/s12032-025-02680-x
Almansour, H. (2025, August). Personalized Healthcare Using AI and IoT. In Intelligent Systems Confer-ence (pp. 46-65). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-00071-2_3
Arega, A., & Sharma, D. P. (2024). Enhancing healthcare information systems in Ethiopian hospitals: exploring challenges and prospects of a cloud-based model for smart and sustainable infor-mation services. Int J Inform Technol Comput Sci, 16, 1-22. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2024.05.01
Anghelescu, A., Munteanu, C., Spinu, A., Ciobanu, V., Popescu, C., Cioca, I. E., ... & Onose, G. (2025). Stand-ardized clinical assessments and advanced AI-driven instruments used to evaluate neurofunc-tional deficits, including within biomarker based framework, in Parkinson’s disease-human in-telligence made vs. AI models-systematic review. Frontiers in Medicine, 12, 1565275. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1565275
Awujoola, J. O., Enem, T. A., Ogwueleka, F. N., Abioye, O., & Awujoola, E. A. (2024). Advancing healthca-re diagnostics: machine learning–driven digital twins for precise brain tumor and breast cancer assessment. Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Blockchain Technology and Digital Twin for Smart Hospitals, 413-433. DOI: 10.1002/9781394287420.ch21
Badiger, M., Adiga, S., Naik, A., Shetty, S., Smitha, A. B., Mehnaz, F. C., & Singh, C. (2025). AI in Healthcare Data Analytics Trends and Transformative Innovations. In AI-Driven Innovation in Healthcare Data Analytics (pp. 1-52). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-7277-7.ch001
Bhardwaj, S., Gupta, G., Ahmad, S., & Haque, M. A. (2025). Transforming Healthcare With AI and IoT: A Path Towards to Efficiency and Sustainability. In Next-Generation Therapeutics Using Internet of Things and Machine Learning (pp. 1-26). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-1022-0.ch001
Birla, M., Rajan, R., Roy, P. G., Gupta, I., & Malik, P. S. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence-driven wearable technology in oncology decision-making: A narrative review. Oncology, 103(1), 69-81. DOI: 10.1159/000540494
Chaithra, N., Jha, J., Sayal, A., & Gangodkar, A. R. (2024). Internet of Medical Things with Artificial Intelli-gence for Improved Healthcare Systems. In Smart Healthcare Systems (pp. 18-32). CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781032698519-2
Desai, V. (2024, April). The future of artificial intelligence in sports medicine and return to play. In Sem-inars in Musculoskeletal Radiology (Vol. 28, No. 02, pp. 203-212). Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778019
Dileepkumar, S. C., Gouda, R., & Kumasi, B. (2025). Precision and performance: Smart healthcare tech-nologies in sports medicine wellness. In Driving Global Health and Sustainable Development Goals With Smart Technology (pp. 389-410). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI:10.4018/979-8-3373-0240-9.ch016
Edward N. Udo, Anietie P. Ekong, Favour A. Akumute, "Predicting the Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Accident in Patients using Machine Learning Technique", International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science(IJITCS), Vol.17, No.2, pp.36-48, 2025. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2025.02.04
Farkas, T., Hronyecz, E., & Hunorfi, P. (2025, June). From Battlefield Innovation to Our Wrists: The Civil and Military Revolution of Wearable Devices. In 2025 IEEE 29th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES) (pp. 000045-000050). IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/INES67149.2025.11078224
Ganti, V. K. A. T., Pandugula, C., Polineni, T. N. S., & Mallesham, G. Transforming Sports Medicine with Deep Learning and Generative AI: Personalized Rehabilitation Protocols and Injury Prevention Strategies for Professional Athletes.
Guan, J., Li, Z., Sheng, S., Lin, Q., Wang, S., Wang, D., ... & Su, J. (2025). An artificial intelligence-driven rev-olution in orthopedic surgery and sports medicine. International Journal of Surgery, 111(2), 2162-2181. DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002187
Gupta, P., & Pandey, M. K. (2024). Role of AI for smart health diagnosis and treatment. In Smart medical imaging for diagnosis and treatment planning (pp. 23-45). Chapman and Hall/CRC. DOI:10.1201/9781003464884-4
Jawed, A. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Liu, Q., Ahmed, W., & Wang, H. (2025). Artificial intelligence and ma-chine learning in spine care: Advancing precision diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. World Journal of Orthopedics, 16(8), 107064. DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i8.107064
Jawed, F., Zaidi, S., Aziz, R., & Khan, S. A. (2025). Application of AI-Driven IoT (Internet of Things) in Musculoskeletal Research. In Advancing Medical Research Through Neuroscience (pp. 461-488). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-5464-3.ch017
Jena, N., Singh, P., Chandramohan, D., Garapati, H. N., Gummadi, J., Mylavarapu, M., ... & Simhadri, P. K. (2025). Wearable Technology in Cardiology: Advancements, Applications, and Future Pro-spects. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 26(6), 39025. DOI: 10.31083/RCM39025
Johari, S., Chauhan, A., & Bhatnagar, N. (2025). Machine Learning Integration with Biomedical Prob-lems. In Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Applications in Biomedical Engineering (pp. 170-202). Auerbach Publications. DOI: 10.1201/9781003617013-9
Jun, W., Huiqin, C., Abbasi, R., Iqbal, M. S., & Heyat, M. B. B. (2025). Transforming physical healthcare training through integration of machine learning and advanced artificial intelligent methods. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 20(4), 1133-1150. DOI: 10.55860/5v5d5p73
Junior, V. M., Kummer, B., & Moura, L. M. (2025, April). Population health in neurology and the trans-formative promise of artificial intelligence and large language models. In Seminars in Neurolo-gy. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. DOI: 10.1055/a-2563-9844
Karibzhanova, D., Jamwal, P. K., Khawaja, A. R., Kystaubayeva, Z., Kapsalyamov, A., Shakenov, M., & Agrawal, S. (2025). Clinical and instrument-based assessment of balance, gait, and motor func-tions in pediatric cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Wearable Technologies, 6, e29. DOI: 10.1017/wtc.2025.10011
Komalasari, R. (2024). Harmonizing Minds and Machines: A Transformative AI-Based Mental Healthca-re Framework in Medical Tourism. In Impact of AI and Robotics on the Medical Tour-ism In-dustry (pp. 20-48). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-2248-2.ch002
Kumar, A., Yadav, J. P., Maheshwari, S., Singh, A., Srivastava, V., Khalilullah, H., & Verma, A. (2025). Revo-lutionizing Healthcare with 5 G and AI: Integrating Emerging Technologies for Personalized Ca-re and Cancer Management. Intelligent Hospital, 100005. DOI:10.1016/j.inhs.2025.100005
Kumari, R., Dubey, G., Dubey, N., & Pradhan, N. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Challenges, Principles, and Applications in Smart Healthcare Systems. In Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Systems (pp. 1-24). CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781003265436-1
Leeba, L. J., & James, A. (2025). Modern approaches to assessing and enhancing athletic performance after critical illness. Journal of Sports and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(3). DOI: 10.32598/jsrs.2503.1062
Li, B., & Xu, X. (2021). Application of artificial intelligence in basketball sport. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 11(7), 54-67. DOI: 10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.07.005
Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Madrigal-Cerezo, R. (2025). Technology-enhanced pedagogy in physical educa-tion: Bridging engagement, learning, and lifelong activity. Education Sciences, 15(4), 409. DOI: 10.3390/educsci15040409
Mennella, C., Maniscalco, U., De Pietro, G., & Esposito, M. (2024). Ethical and regulatory challenges of AI technologies in healthcare: A narrative review. Heliyon, 10(4). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26297
Muse, E. D., & Topol, E. J. (2024). Transforming the cardiometabolic disease landscape: Multimodal AI-powered approaches in prevention and management. Cell metabolism, 36(4), 670-683. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.002
Narayanan, L., Subbiah, P., Muralidharan, R. A., Venkataraman, A. P., & Sandhiya, M. (2024). Future Pro-fessions in Agriculture, Medicine, Education, Fitness, R&D, Transport, and Communication. Digi-tal Twin and Blockchain for Smart Cities, 529-546. DOI: 10.1002/9781394303564.ch22
Nasb, M., Zhang, Y., & Chen, N. (2025). The role of artificial intelligence in precision exercise nutrition: A shift from data to diets. Food Science and Human Wellness.
Nithisha J., J. Visumathi, R. Rajalakshmi, D. Suseela, V. Sudha, Abhishek Choubey, Yousef Farhaoui, "Fuzzy Hybrid Meta-optimized Learning-based Medical Image Segmentation System for En-hanced Diagnosis", International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Sci-ence(IJITCS), Vol.17, No.1, pp.47-66, 2025. DOI:10.5815/ijitcs.2025.01.04
Olawade, D. B., Aderinto, N., David-Olawade, A. C., Egbon, E., Adereni, T., Popoola, M. R., & Tiwari, R. (2025). Integrating AI-driven wearable devices and biometric data into stroke risk assessment: A review of opportunities and challenges. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 249, 108689. DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108689
Omarov, B., Omarov, B., Rakhymzhanov, A., Niyazov, A., Sultan, D., & Baikuvekov, M. (2024). Develop-ment of an artificial intelligence-enabled non-invasive digital stethoscope for monitoring the heart condition of athletes in real-time. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (60), 1169-1180. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108633
Omarov, B., Tursynova, A., & Uzak, M. (2023). Deep learning enhanced internet of medical things to analyze brain computed tomography images of stroke patients. International Journal of Ad-vanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0140874
Omarov, N., Omarov, B., Azhibekova, Z., & Omarov, B. (2024). Applying an augmented reality game-based learning environment in physical education classes to enhance sports motivation. Retos, 60, 269-278. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109170
Palermi, S., Vecchiato, M., Saglietto, A., Niederseer, D., Oxborough, D., Ortega-Martorell, S., ... & D’Ascenzi, F. (2024). Unlocking the potential of artificial intelligence in sports cardiology: does it have a role in evaluating athlete’s heart?. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 31(4), 470-482. DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae008
Panackal, M. B., Mathew, P., Sunny, S., & Jose, J. (2025). Sports Therapy in Focus: A Systematic Biblio-metric Analysis of Research Development and Impact. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología-Serie de Con-ferencias, 4, 1539. DOI: 10.56294/sctconf20251539
Patel, V., Chesmore, A., Legner, C. M., & Pandey, S. (2022). Trends in workplace wearable technologies and connected‐worker solutions for next‐generation occupational safety, health, and productiv-ity. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 4(1), 2100099. DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202100099
Podder, S., Gupta, V. R., Khator, S., Koley, R., & Goswami, S. R. (2025). Fusion of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence of Things in E-Healthcare. In AIoT (pp. 57-98). Auerbach Publications. DOI: 10.1201/9781003482338-4
Rahman, S., Sarker, S., Haque, A. N., Uttsha, M. M., Islam, M. F., & Deb, S. (2022). AI-driven stroke rehabil-itation systems and assessment: A systematic review. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 31, 192-207. DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2022.3219085
Shafik, W., Hidayatullah, A. F., Kalinaki, K., & Aslam, M. M. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted computer vision (CV) in healthcare systems. In Computer vision and AI-integrated IoT technol-ogies in the medical ecosystem (pp. 17-36). CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781003429609-2
Sheng, H., Hu, J., Yue, Q., Lei, P., Mao, Y., Su, Q., ... & Lan, W. (2025). Flexible Electronics‐Driven Intelli-gent Oral Healthcare Paradigms and Next‐Generation Preventive Diagnostics. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2501649. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202501649
Singh, B., & Kaunert, C. (2025). Lensing Sensors and Wearable Technologies in Healthcare Uplifting Digi-tal Health Technologies: Novelty and Operations in Human Augmentation. In Mapping Human Data and Behavior With the Internet of Behavior (IoB) (pp. 411-434). IGI Global Scientific Pub-lishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-7545-7.ch014
Singh, M., Joshi, M., Tyagi, K. D., & Tyagi, V. B. (2024). Future professions in agriculture, medicine, edu-cation, fitness, research and development, transport, and communication. Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0, 181-202. DOI: 10.1002/9781394216147.ch10
Taherdoost, H. (2024). Wearable Healthcare and Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring with IoT Integration. Computers, Materials & Continua, 81(1). DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2024.054378
Tóth, K. (2024). Innovative IT solutions in health and sport-the importance of wearable devices, Inter-net of Things, artificial intelligence and Big Data. Acta Medicinae et Sociologica, 15(39), 87-114. DOI: 10.19055/ams.2024.11/29/5
Tzenios, N., & Wong, C. (2024). Personalized Ketogenic Diet Using AI for Optimal Brain Health. Europe-an Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 16(11), 12-35. DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i111573
Wan, J., Xu, S., Lin, J., Ji, L., Cheng, J., Li, Z., ... & Li, C. (2025). AI‐Enhanced Wearable Technology for Hu-man Physiological Signal Detection: Challenges and Future Directions. Small, e04078. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202504078
Wang, F., Jiang, S., & Li, J. (2025). The AI-Driven Transformation in New Materials Manufacturing and the Development of Intelligent Sports. Applied Sciences, 15(10), 5667. DOI: 10.3390/app15105667
Yadav, A., & Yadav, K. (2025). Transforming healthcare and fitness with AI powered next-generation smart clothing. Discover Electrochemistry, 2(1), 2. DOI: 10.1007/s44373-025-00015-z
Yao, B., Zhao, M., Sun, Y., Cao, W., Yin, C., Intille, S., ... & Wang, D. (2025). More Modality, More AI: Explor-ing Design Opportunities of AI-Based Multi-modal Remote Monitoring Technologies for Early Detection of Mental Health Sequelae in Youth Concussion Patients. arXiv preprint ar-Xiv:2502.03732. DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2502.03732
Zhang, S., & Meng, Q. (2025). Intelligent sports rehabilitation: integrating deep learning and real-time monitoring to achieve personalized rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Tech-nology, 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2025.2559187
Zheng, X., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Hu, C., Du, Y., Li, J., ... & Ding, K. (2025). Advancing Sports Cardiology: Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Wearable Devices for Cardiovascular Health Management. ACS Ap-plied Materials & Interfaces, 17(12), 17895-17920. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22895
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Azhar Tursynova, Jandos Mergenbayuly Yessirkepov

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.