Entrenamiento de fuerza y HIIT sobre la flexibilidad metabólica en adultos con factores de riesgo cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.117940Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de fuerza, flexibilidad metabólica, HIIT, oxidación de grasas, riesgo cardiovascularResumen
Introducción: La inflexibilidad metabólica es un sello distintivo de la enfermedad cardiometabólica caracterizada por deficiencia en la selección de sustrato mitocondrial.
Objetivo: Estimar los potenciales efectos de ocho semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) y entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre la METf y composición corporal de personas con facto-res de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV).
Resultados: tras la intervención, ambos grupos mostraron cambios en los estimadores de flexibilidad metabólica: el cociente respiratorio disminuyó (EF: Δ=-0.100 [IC95% -0.179, -0.021]; HIIT: Δ=-0.038 [IC95% -0.060, -0.017]), la oxidación de grasas aumentó (EF: Δ=19.0 g/d [IC95% 1.9, 36.1]; HIIT: Δ=13.0 g/d [IC95% 1.6, 24.4]) y el gasto energético derivado de lípidos se incrementó (EF: Δ=7.57 kcal/h [IC95% 0.76, 14.39]; HIIT: Δ=4.83 kcal/h [IC95% 0.72, 8.95]), con estimaciones que sugieren efectos favorables para EF pero con intervalos de confianza amplios (ΔΔ=-0.062 [IC95% -0.141, 0.018], g=-0.89 para RER). Los cambios en composición corporal fueron discretos en ambos grupos.
Discusión: estos resultados sugieren que tanto el EF como el HIIT son estrategias que podrían mejorar la flexibilidad metabólica en personas con riesgo cardiovascular, independientemente de cambios sustanciales en la composición corporal.
Conclusiones: ambas modalidades representan potenciales herramientas terapéuticas para contrarrestar la inflexibilidad metabólica, aunque se requieren estudios con mayor tamaño muestral para obtener evidencia concluyente sobre posibles diferencias entre ellas.
Referencias
Achamrah, N., Delsoglio, M., De Waele, E., Berger, M. M., & Pichard, C. (2021). Indirect calorimetry: The 6 main issues. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 40(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.024
Allerton, T. D., Irving, B. A., Spielmann, G., Primeaux, S., Landin, D., Nelson, A., & Johannsen, N. M. (2019). Metabolic flexibility is impaired in response to acute exercise in the young offspring of mothers with type 2 diabetes. Physiological Reports, 7(17), e14189. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14189
Amaro-Gahete, F. J., Sanchez-Delgado, G., Ara, I., & R Ruiz, J. (2019). Cardiorespiratory Fitness May Influence Metabolic Inflexibility During Exercise in Obese Persons. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 104(12), 5780-5790. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-01225
Ang, J.-H. C., Sun, L., Foo, S.-Y. R., Leow, M. K.-S., Vidal-Puig, A., Fontana, L., & Dalakoti, M. (2025). Perspectives on whole body and tissue-specific metabolic flexibility and implications in cardiometabolic diseases. Cell Reports Medicine, 6(9), 102354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102354
Aparecido, J. M. L., Marquezi, M. L., Couto, H. L. de O., Santos, T. M. da S., Cruz, A. F. C., Lopes, N. B., Cascapera, M. S., Xavier, V. B., Kochi, C., Alves, V. L. D. S., & Lancha, A. H. (2022). Six HIT Sessions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Flexibility in Insulin Resistant and Insulin Sensitive Adolescents with Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710568
Astorino, T. A., Edmunds, R. M., Clark, A., Gallant, R., King, L., Ordille, G. M., Heath, B., Montell, M., & Bandong, J. (2017). Change in maximal fat oxidation in response to different regimes of periodized high-intensity interval training (HIIT). European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(4), 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3535-y
Balboa-Castillo, T., Muñoz, S., Serón, P., Andrade-Mayorga, O., Lavados-Romo, P., & Aguilar-Farias, N. (2023). Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in Chilean adults. PloS One, 18(10), e0291604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291604
Cano-Montoya, J., Rojas Vargas, M., Báez Vargas, S., Núñez Vergara, C., Martínez Huenchullán, S., Gallegos, F., Álvarez, C., & Izquierdo, M. (2025). Impact of resistance and high-intensity interval training on body composition, physical function, and temporal dynamics of adaptation in older women with impaired cardiometabolic health: A randomized clinical trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01119-0
Ciolac, E. G., Mantuani, S. S., Neiva, C. M., Verardi, C., Pessôa-Filho, D. M., & Pimenta, L. (2015). Rating of perceived exertion as a tool for prescribing and self regulating interval training: A pilot study. Biology of Sport, 32(2), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1134312
Colado, J. C., Furtado, G. E., Teixeira, A. M., Flandez, J., & Naclerio, F. (2020). Concurrent and Construct Validation of a New Scale for Rating Perceived Exertion during Elastic Resistance Training in The Elderly. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 19(1), 175-186.
Colpitts, B. H., Seaman, K., Eadie, A. L., Brunt, K. R., Bouchard, D. R., & Sénéchal, M. (2021). Effects of sprint interval training on substrate oxidation in adults living with and without obesity: The i-FLEX study. Physiological Reports, 9(11), e14916. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14916
Dolezal, B. A., & Potteiger, J. A. (1998). Concurrent resistance and endurance training influence basal metabolic rate in nondieting individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 85(2), 695-700. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.695
Garthwaite, T., Sjöros, T., Laine, S., Koivumäki, M., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Verho, T., Norha, J., Kallio, P., Saarenhovi, M., Löyttyniemi, E., Sievänen, H., Houttu, N., Laitinen, K., Kalliokoski, K. K., Vasankari, T., Knuuti, J., & Heinonen, I. (2024). Sedentary time associates detrimentally and physical activity beneficially with metabolic flexibility in adults with metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 326(4), E503-E514. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2023
Geeta, A., Jamaiyah, H., Safiza, M. N., Khor, G. L., Kee, C. C., Ahmad, A. Z., Suzana, S., Rahmah, R., & Faudzi, A. (2009). Reliability, technical error of measurements and validity of instruments for nutritional status assessment of adults in Malaysia. Singapore Medical Journal, 50(10), 1013-1018.
Goodpaster, B. H., & Sparks, L. M. (2017). Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease. Cell Metabolism, 25(5), 1027-1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.015
Gupta, R. D., Ramachandran, R., Venkatesan, P., Anoop, S., Joseph, M., & Thomas, N. (2017). Indirect Calorimetry: From Bench to Bedside. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(4), 594-599. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_484_16
Harris, M. B., & Kuo, C.-H. (2021). Scientific Challenges on Theory of Fat Burning by Exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.685166
Huang, W., Ruan, W., Huo, C., Lin, Y., Wang, T., Dai, X., Zhai, H., Ma, J., Zhang, J., Lu, J., & Zhuang, J. (2022). The effect of 12 weeks of combined training on hepatic fat content and metabolic flexibility of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Protocol of an open-label, single-center randomized control trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1065188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1065188
Hunter, G. R., Wetzstein, C. J., Fields, D. A., Brown, A., & Bamman, M. M. (2000). Resistance training increases total energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in older adults. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 89(3), 977-984. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.977
Lam, Y. Y., & Ravussin, E. (2017). Indirect calorimetry: An indispensable tool to understand and predict obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(3), 318-322. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.220
Lin, W. W., Su, H., Lan, X. Y., Ni, Q. Y., Wang, X. Y., Cui, K. Y., & Zhang, L. (2024a). Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and maximum fat oxidation intensity training (MFOIT) on body composition, inflammation in overweight and obese adults. Science & Sports, 39(4), 348-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2023.09.002
Lionett, S., Kiel, I. A., Røsbjørgen, R., Lydersen, S., Larsen, S., & Moholdt, T. (2021). Absent Exercise-Induced Improvements in Fat Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome After High-Intensity Interval Training. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 649794. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.649794
Little, J. P., Safdar, A., Wilkin, G. P., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Gibala, M. J. (2010). A practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle: Potential mechanisms. The Journal of Physiology, 588(Pt 6), 1011-1022. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.181743
Maillard, F., Pereira, B., & Boisseau, N. (2018). Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Total, Abdominal and Visceral Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(2), 269-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0807-y
Mambrini, S. P., Grillo, A., Colosimo, S., Zarpellon, F., Pozzi, G., Furlan, D., Amodeo, G., & Bertoli, S. (2024). Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1426551
Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Bianco, A., Bolzetta, F., Berton, L., Sergi, G., & Paoli, A. (2020). Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training or High Intensity Interval Resistance Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Power and Strength in Healthy Young Subjects: A Randomized Parallel Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114093
Ormsbee, M. J., Thyfault, J. P., Johnson, E. A., Kraus, R. M., Choi, M. D., & Hickner, R. C. (2007). Fat metabolism and acute resistance exercise in trained men. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 102(5), 1767-1772. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00704.2006
Paoli, A., Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Neri, M., Bianco, A., Palma, A., & Grimaldi, K. (2012). High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIRT) influences resting energy expenditure and respiratory ratio in non-dieting individuals. Journal of Translational Medicine, 10, 237. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-10-237
Park, S.-Y., & Yang, W.-H. (2023). Applied high-intensity interval cardio yoga improves cardiometabolic fitness, energetic contributions, and metabolic flexibility in healthy adults. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1279505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1279505
Rattanachaiwong, S., & Singer, P. (2019). Indirect calorimetry as point of care testing. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 38(6), 2531-2544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.035
Roudi, F., Darroudi, S., Saghi, E., Hosseini, S. R., Kohantorabi, M., Rezvani, A., Jamialahmadi, T., Sahebkar, A., Moohebati, M., & Ghayour-Mobarhan, M. (2025). The correlation between indirect calorimetry data and the metabolic syndrome development in men and women. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 24(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-024-01521-4
Rynders, C. A., Blanc, S., DeJong, N., Bessesen, D. H., & Bergouignan, A. (2018). Sedentary behaviour is a key determinant of metabolic inflexibility. The Journal of Physiology, 596(8), 1319-1330. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273282
Salman, D., Farooqi, M., McGregor, A., & Majeed, A. (2019). Time spent being sedentary: An emerging risk factor for poor health. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 69(683), 278-279. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X703781
Schubert, M. M., Clarke, H. E., Seay, R. F., & Spain, K. K. (2017). Impact of 4 weeks of interval training on resting metabolic rate, fitness, and health-related outcomes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme, 42(10), 1073-1081. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0268
Shoemaker, M. E., Gillen, Z. M., Fukuda, D. H., & Cramer, J. T. (2023). Metabolic Flexibility and Inflexibility: Pathology Underlying Metabolism Dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13), 4453. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134453
Siripoksup, P., Cao, G., Cluntun, A. A., Maschek, J. A., Pearce, Q., Brothwell, M. J., Jeong, M.-Y., Eshima, H., Ferrara, P. J., Opurum, P. C., Mahmassani, Z. S., Peterlin, A. D., Watanabe, S., Walsh, M. A., Taylor, E. B., Cox, J. E., Drummond, M. J., Rutter, J., & Funai, K. (2024). Sedentary behavior in mice induces metabolic inflexibility by suppressing skeletal muscle pyruvate metabolism. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(11), e167371. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI167371
Smith, R. L., Soeters, M. R., Wüst, R. C. I., & Houtkooper, R. H. (2018). Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease. Endocrine Reviews, 39(4), 489-517. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00211
Sultana, R. N., Sabag, A., Keating, S. E., & Johnson, N. A. (2019). The Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 49(11), 1687-1721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01167-w
Vasold, K. L., Parks, A. C., Phelan, D. M. L., Pontifex, M. B., & Pivarnik, J. M. (2019). Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Low-Cost Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(4), 406-410. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0283
Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., … Wright, J. T. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 138(17), e484-e594. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000596
Willis, L. H., Slentz, C. A., Bateman, L. A., Shields, A. T., Piner, L. W., Bales, C. W., Houmard, J. A., & Kraus, W. E. (2012). Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 113(12), 1831-1837. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Carolina Núñez-Vergara, Marcela Rojas-Vargas, Sebastián Báez Vargas, Sergio Martinez-Huenchullán, Johnattan Cano Montoya
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
