Factors associated with physical rehabilitation in people with motor impairment: sistematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v80.118266Keywords:
Adults , associated factors, comorbidities, motor impairment, physical rehabilitationAbstract
Introduction: Physical rehabilitation outcomes are influenced by clinical, functional, social, and environmental factors.
Objective: To analyze the main factors affecting physical rehabilitation in adults with motor impairments, as well as to examine comorbidities and their relationships with the profiles of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation.
Methodology: This is a systematic literature review, conducted through a search of scientific articles in the databases PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, published between 2014 and 2024. Study eligibility was determined using the PICOS strategy criteria, and the quality of evidence was evaluated based on the GRADE approach.
Results: A total of 778 articles were found between 2014 and 2024. After the screening process, 9 studies were included in the review. The studies addressed populations with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amputations, traumatic brain injury, and transverse myelitis, identifying clinical, functional, psychosocial, and environmental factors that affect rehabilitation.
Discussion: There is convergence among the analyzed studies regarding the influence of neuromuscular integrity, strength, and spasticity, combined with psychosocial and clinical factors, on functionality, independence, and rehabilitation outcomes.
Conclusions: Physical rehabilitation for individuals with motor impairments is multifactorial and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Factors such as muscle strength, lesion level and duration, spasticity, neuropathic pain, fatigue, education, social support, and access to services directly influence functionality and quality of life. Care should be patient-centered, with comprehensive assessments and public policies that promote equity and inclusion.
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