Moverse mejor para moverse más: una revisión sistemática de las pedagogías escolares para las habilidades de movimiento fundamentales en niños de primaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v82.119588Palabras clave:
Habilidades de movimiento fundamentales, educación primaria, diseño instruccional, integración del movimientoResumen
Introducción. Las habilidades de movimiento fundamentales (FMS) son una base importante para la actividad física, la alfabetización física, la participación deportiva, el estado físico y el desarrollo saludable de los niños. Sin embargo, la pedagogía FMS en las escuelas primarias es tan diversa que se necesita una síntesis para identificar los enfoques más consistentes para apoyar el desarrollo motor de los niños.
Objetivo. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia más reciente sobre la pedagogía escolar y relacionada con la escuela dirigida a FMS, habilidades motoras gruesas, competencia motora, coordinación, actividad física, aptitud física y resultados de implementación en niños de escuela primaria.
Fuentes de datos. Los registros de Scopus y Web of Science se utilizan como fuentes primarias con una estrategia de búsqueda booleana que combina los términos FMS o habilidades motoras gruesas, educación primaria o elemental, intervención escolar, pedagogía, instrucción y educación física.
Criterios de elegibilidad. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2025 cuando involucraban a niños de escuela primaria, maestros, familias o contextos escolares e informaban sobre resultados motores, de actividad física, de aptitud física, psicosociales o de implementación.
Métodos de evaluación y síntesis. El proceso de selección sigue el flujo PRISMA; Se identificaron 214 registros y se incluyeron 26 informes. Los datos se extraen según el diseño, la muestra, la intervención, el tamaño del resultado, los hallazgos clave y los dominios de evidencia. Debido a la heterogeneidad del estudio, se utiliza la síntesis narrativa.
Resultados. Las actividades rítmicas, la educación física interdisciplinaria, los BRAINballs, los juegos tradicionales, las Tarjetas de Actividad Física, la natación, la realidad aumentada y los exergaming generalmente muestran un impacto positivo en la FMS o el fitness. La implementación está influenciada por la competencia de los docentes, la retroalimentación, los recursos, el liderazgo y el apoyo escolar.
Conclusión. FMS se desarrolla con mayor fuerza cuando las escuelas brindan práctica de habilidades específicas, pedagogía atractiva, evaluaciones válidas y apoyo continuo a la implementación.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Andi Anshari Bausad, Heny Setyawati, Harry Pramono, Mugiyo Hartono, Arif Yanuar Musrifin, Aba Sandi Prayoga, Khoirul Anwar
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