Desbloquear o bem-estar: o impacto abrangente dos programas de exercício comunitário em adultos mais velhos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106846Palavras-chave:
Self Efficacy, Self-Assessment, Social Interaction, Physical Fitness, Exercise Therapy, Exercise, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Self-Control, Electronics, HabitsResumo
Introdução: Está demonstrado que os programas de exercício na comunidade melhoram significativamente a saúde física, a função cognitiva e o bem-estar emocional em adultos mais velhos. Contudo, os factores que influenciam os diferentes níveis de benefícios entre os participantes e os desafios que enfrentam para manter a participação permanecem pouco explorados. Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivo explorar os impactos multifacetados de um programa de exercício comunitário em idosos, com foco nas suas experiências físicas, psicológicas e sociais. Método: Foi empregue um desenho de estudo qualitativo, utilizando a análise temática para identificar temas e subtemas das experiências dos participantes. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos de foco e observações participantes. Participaram 45 idosos com 60 ou mais anos que estavam no programa há pelo menos três meses. Resultado: A análise revelou vários temas principais: Melhoria da função física (maior mobilidade, força, equilíbrio e resistência), Melhoria da autoeficácia no exercício (confiança nas capacidades físicas, atitude positiva em relação ao exercício, autogestão da saúde), Benefícios sociais e emocionais (conexões sociais, apoio emocional, motivação da dinâmica de grupo, redução da solidão), Benefícios psicológicos e cognitivos (aumento do estado de alerta mental, redução do stress, melhor humor), Superação de problemas, desafios iniciais (barreiras físicas, dúvidas psicológicas, adaptação a novas rotinas), Longa - compromisso a prazo e mudança de comportamento (participação contínua, desenvolvimento de hábitos saudáveis, maior consciência sobre a saúde) e conceção do programa e papel dos facilitadores (exercícios pessoais -lizados, influência positiva dos instrutores , acessibilidade do programa). Conclusão: Os programas de exercício comunitário oferecem benefícios multifacetados para os idosos, incluindo melhorias físicas, psicológicas e sociais. Estas conclusões sublinham a necessidade de abordagens personalizadas e de sistemas de apoio melhorados para maximizar os benefícios e garantir um envolvimento sustentado.
Palavras-chave: Idosos, exercício comunitário, saúde física, bem-estar psicológico, interação social
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