Woman and sport: academic background and its association with social support and self-esteem: -

Iago Portela-Pino; Millán Brea-Castro; Myriam Alvariñas-Villaverde

doi:10.47197/retos.v74.113796

Autores

Iago Portela-Pino Isabel I University
Millán Brea-Castro
Myriam Alvariñas-Villaverde

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.113796

Palavras-chave:

Formação académica, autoestima, apoio social, desporto, mulheres

Resumo

Introdução: A repercussão mediática e económica do desporto feminino tem um impacto social diferente para os homens. O futuro profissional dos deportistas pode ser influenciado por vários fatores de interesse.

Objectivo: Analisar as percepções dos deportistas para determinar a sua formação académica em função do seu suporte social e auto-estima.

Metodologia: Os participantes foram 243 deportistas espanhóis profissionais ou semiprofissionais. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala Multidimensional de Apoio Social Percecionado e um teste de autoestima. Além disso, foram recolhidos dados pessoais e de formação dos deportistas. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva, t de Student e ANOVA.

Resultados: Os deportistas apresentavam estudos de nível médio, e a sua formação era elevada, mas não estava relacionada com o desporto que praticavam. O apoio social de outras pessoas influenciou a rede de conhecimento eleita para os seus estúdios e contou com o apoio familiar considerando o estabelecimento de convenções com empresas como uma alternativa de inserção laboral face a outras opções. A autoestima foi maior nos deportistas que estudavam carreiras universitárias.

Discussão: Com base noutros estúdios, são discutidas questões relacionadas com a dupla carreira, o apoio social permitido e a auto-estima dos deportistas, entre outros.

Conclusões: Parece necessário abordar esta realidade numa perspectiva de género, apoiando-se nas barreiras à inserção laboral. São descritas algumas implicações práticas como desenvolver programas que fomentem a autoestima e o apoio social com o fim de favorecer a compatibilidade de estudos e carreira desportiva, facilitando uma mudança de mentalidade na sociedade e nos clubes próprios.

Biografias do Autor

Iago Portela-Pino, Isabel I University

Iago Portela Pino. Ph.D in Sport Sciences and Physical Education and Professor at the Isabel I University. His publications and research guidelines are focused on the fields of variables that influence health and educational innovation.

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-2089
Myriam Alvariñas-Villaverde

PhD in Physical Education and Lecturer at the University of Vigo. Her publications focus on the study of different aspects related to the context of physical activities and sports at school age. Her current lines of research are linked to the Didactics of Physical Education, gender issues in the physical-sports field, health literacy and socio-emotional competences.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-269X

Referências

Álvarez Pérez, P. R., Pérez-Jorge, D., González Ramallal, M. E., & López Aguilar, D. (2014). La formación universitaria de deportistas de alto nivel: análisis de una compleja relación entre estudios y de-porte (High level sportsmen’s and women’s university studies: an analysis on the difficult rela-tionship between studies and sport). Retos, 26, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34408

Astutik, N. W. W., Dimyati, D., & Setiawan, C. (2025). Does social support mediate the relationship be-tween self-confidence and learninganxiety in gymnastics? Evidence from primary school stu-dents. Retos,72, 143–153. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116827

Borras-Rotger, P. A., Palou-Sampol, P., Ponseti-Verdaguer, F. X., Vidal-Conti, J., & Garcia-Mas, A. (2009). Values education in adolescents sport practice: effects of a sportpersonship promotion inter-vention in the scale of sportsmen values. Revista Española de Pedagogia, 67(243), 355–369.

Bowes, A., Lomax, L., & Piasecki, J. (2021). A losing battle? Women’s sport pre- and post-COVID-19. Eu-ropean Sport Management Quarterly, 21(3), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1904267

Brauner, V. L. (2015). Emerging challenges for women’s empowerment through sport. Movimento, 21(2), 521-532.

Castellanos, R. M., Chamorro, J. M. L., & De Subijana, C. L. (2018). Carrera Dual en Deportistas de Alto Nivel Españoles: la importancia del apoyo social familiar en el ámbito académico | Revista Es-pañola de Educación Física y Deportes. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes, 421, 83–99.

Capranica, L., Doupona, M., Abelkalns, I., Bisenieks, U., Sánchez-Pato, A., Cánovas-Álvarez, F. J., ... & Di Baldassarre, A. (2022). Understanding dual career views of European university athletes: The more than gold project focus groups. PLoS One, 17(2), e0264175. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264175

Cnen, T. W., Chiu, Y. C., & Hsu, Y. (2020). Perception of social support provided by coaches, opti-mism/pessimism, and psychological well-being: Gender differences and mediating effect mod-els: International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(2), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120968649

Dambi, J. M., Corten, L., Chiwaridzo, M., Jack, H., Mlambo, T., & Jelsma, J. (2018). A systematic review of the psychometric properties of the cross-cultural translations and adaptations of the Multidi-mensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12955-018-0912-0/TABLES/6

Heinecken, D. (2018). For Us All? Nine for IX and the Representation of Women in Sport. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 26(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1123/WSPAJ.2017-0005

Hernando, C., Renau, M., Thorén, P., Bankel, J., Karlsteen, M., Kalaja, S., ... & Marín, M. P. (2024). Promot-ing dual careers at higher education institutions: 31 benefits ranked by the project Student Ath-letes Erasmus+ Mobility in Europe (SAMEurope). Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1407194. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1407194

Johnston, L. M., & Weatherington, K. (2018). Why Women Want to Play Sports: Identity, Culture, and Motivation. Peace and Conflict Studies, 25(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1471

Katagami, E., & Tsuchiya, H. (2016). Effects of Social Support on Athletes’ Psychological Well-Being: The Correlations among Received Support, Perceived Support, and Personality. Psychology, 7(13), 1741–1752. https://doi.org/10.4236/PSYCH.2016.713163

Lei, H., Zhang, Q., Li, X., Yang, H., Du, W., & Shao, J. (2019). Riesgo acumulativo y conductas problemát-icas entre niños chinos abandonados: un modelo de mediación moderada: School psychology international, 40, 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034319835255

Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and Validation in University Students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727

Martínez-Abajo, J., Vizcarra, M.-T., & Lasarte, G. (2020). How do Sportswomen Perceive the Way they are Treated in the Media. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportew, 139, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2020/1).139.10

Mastrogianni, A., Psychountaki, M., & Donti, O. (2020). Self-perceptions and self-esteem in adolescent rhythmic gymnasts: Is training level a determinant? Science of Gymnastics Journal, 12(3), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.357-366

Ministry of Universities. (2021). Student Statistics. https://www.universidades.gob.es/portal/site/universidades/menuitem.78fe777017742d34e0acc310026041a0/?vgnextoid=3b80122d36680710VgnVCM1000001d04140aRCRD

Mogaji, E., Badejo, F. A., Charles, S., & Millisits, J. (2021). Financial well-being of sportswomen. Interna-tional Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 13(2), 299–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2021.1903530

Molina, J., Chorot, P., & Sandín, B. (2017). Miedo a la evaluación negativa y autoestima como factores predictivos del rendimiento deportivo: Papel mediador de los estados de ansiedad y autoconfi-anza. RICYDE: Revista Internacional de Ciencias Del Deporte, 13(50), 381–386. https://doi.org/10.5232/RICYDE2017.05005

Moral-García, J. E., Román-Palmero, J., López García, S., García-Cantó, E., Pérez-Soto, J. J., Rosa-Guillamón, A., Urchaga-Litago, J. D., & Martínez, S. L. (2021). Self-esteem and sports practice in adolescents. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte, 21(81), 157–174. https://doi.org/10.15366/RIMCAFD2021.81.011

Nurullah, A. S. (2012). Received and provided social support: A review of current evidence and future directions. American Journal of Health Studies, 27(3), 173–188.

Perez-Rivases, A., Pons, J., Regüela, S., Viladrich, C., Pallarès, S., & Torregrossa, M. (2020). Spanish female student-athletes’ perception of key competencies for successful dual career adjustment. Inter-national Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1717575

Ronkainen, N. J., Allen-Collinson, J., Aggerholm, K., & Ryba, T. V. (2020). Superwomen? Young sporting women, temporality and learning not to be perfect: International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(8), 1137–1153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690220979710

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Measures Package, 61(52), 18.

Sánchez-Pato, A., Pascual, E. C., García, L. M., Estero, J. L. A., & García-Roca, J. A. (2018). Estudio del éxito académico de un modelo universitario de carrera dual en deportistas-estudiantes según género, nivel de estudios y deporte. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes, 421, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.55166/reefd.vi421.664

Shi, Y. (2022). Assessment of effect of perceived social support on school readiness, mental wellbeing, and self-esteem: mediating role of psychological resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 911841. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911841

Stambulova, N., & Henriksen, K. (2025). Career transitions in sport: Bridging holistic developmental and ecological approaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 80, 102900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102900

Thoits, P. A. (2010). Stress and Health: Major Findings and Policy Implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383499

Trejos-Herrera, A. M., Bahamón, M. J., Alarcón-Vásquez, Y., Vélez, J. I, &, Vinaccia, S., Vélez, J. I., & Vi-naccia, S. (2018). Validity and Reliability of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Sup-port in Colombian Adolescents. Psychosocial Intervention, 27(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.1.170

Vidal-Vilaplana, A., Gregori-Faus, C., Jiménez-Jiménez, P., & González-Serrano, M. H. (2025). Impacto de la Carrera Dual en la percepción de empleabilidad y el potencial intraemprendedor de estu-diantes-deportistas de élite. Retos, 69, 311-321. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.113336

Vilanova, A., & Puig, N. (2013). Compaginar la carrera deportiva con la carrera académica para la futura inserción laboral: ¿Una cuestión de estrategia? Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 22(1), 61–68.

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W. W., Zimet, S. G. &, & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of per-ceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41.

Zimet, G. D., Powell, S. S., Farley, G. K., Werkman, S., & Berkoff, K. A. (1990). Psychometric characteris-tics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assess-ment, 55, 610–617.

Mulher e desporto: a formação académica e a sua associação com o suporte social e a auto-estima

-

Autores

DOI:

Palavras-chave:

Resumo

Biografias do Autor

Referências

Downloads

Publicado

Edição

Secção

Licença

Como Citar

Idioma

Informações

Nova Submissão