Efeitos do treino excêntrico vs treino neuromuscular na prevenção de lesões em jogadores de futebol: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.116574Palavras-chave:
Treino excêntrico, prevenção de lesões, treino neuromuscular, jogadores de futebolResumo
Introdução. O elevado nível de competência do futebol e o seu crescente número de partidos por época fazem com que a prevalência de lesões na disciplina seja elevada. Por este motivo, esta revisão sistemática procurou determinar os efeitos do treino neuromuscular e do treino excéntrico nas lesões musculares em jogadores de futebol.
Métodos. Para tal, foram realizadas pesquisas em três bases de dados entre os meses de febre e abril de 2024, selecionando apenas ensaios clínicos controlados aleatorizados que incluem intervenções baseadas em exercícios nórdicos ou exercícios excêntricos dos isquiotibiais, exercícios pliométricos ou exercícios neuromusculares de salto.
Resultados. Se incluídos 21 estudos para a análise, onde participam homens e mulheres com diversas idades e níveis de competência, obtendo hallazgos que indicam que os exercícios excêntricos e neuromusculares são eficazes para reduzir a probabilidade de lesões em futebolistas, independentemente do seu nível de jogo, sexo e idade. No entanto, observam-se resultados destacados em futbolistas masculinos e principalmente jugadores altamente treinados.
Conclusão. Finalmente, conclui-se também que os exercícios excêntricos favorecem a redução da incidência de lesões nos isquiotibiais, e o treino neuromuscular favorece a redução das lesões especificamente nas rodilla, esguinces de rodilla e tobillo.
Referências
Achenbach, L., Bloch, H., Klein, C., Damm, T., Obinger, M., Rudert, M., Krutsch, W., & Szymski, D. (2024). Four distinct patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women’s professional football (soccer): A systematic video analysis of 37 match injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(13), 709–716. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-107113
Akbari, H., Kuwano, S., & Shimokochi, Y. (2023). Effect of heading a soccer ball as an external focus dur-ing a drop vertical jump task. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 11(4), 23259671231164706. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671231164706
Al Attar, W. S. A., Soomro, N., Sinclair, P. J., Pappas, E., & Sanders, R. H. (2017). Effect of injury preven-tion programs that include the Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injury rates in soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47, 907-916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0638-2
Arnason, A., Andersen, T., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2008). Prevention of hamstring strains in elite soccer: an intervention study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00634.x
Arribas-Romano, A., L, G.-G., & Chena-Sinovias, M. (2019). Factores de riesgo de la lesión de isquiotibia-les en fútbol: revisión sistemática. Revista de Preparación Física en el Fútbol. ISSN:1889-5050.
Asgari, S. M., & Shahrbanian, S. (2019). Effects of a Warm up Program Consisted of Dynamic Stretch, Strength and Plyometric and Exercises (DSP) on Physical Health of Young Male Soccer Players with Prevention of Knee and Ankle Injuries Approach. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion; 6 (4) : 413-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.6.4.413
Brockett, C. L., Morgan, D. L., & Proske, U. (2004). Predicting hamstring strain injury in elite athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(3), 379-387. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000117165.75832.05
Byrd, E., Delextrat, A., Walsh, G., Taylor, L., & Sancese, A. (2023). Effects of sprint versus strength train-ing on risk factors for hamstring injury in football players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Phys-ical Fitness, 63(4), 580-587. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.22.14529-9
Cadu, J.-P., Goreau, V., & Lacourpaille, L. (2022). A very low volume of Nordic hamstring exercise in-creases maximal eccentric strength and reduces hamstring injury rate in professional soccer players. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 31(8), 1061-1066. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0445
Chebbi, S., Chamari, K., Van Dyk, N., Gabbett, T., & Tabben, M. (2022). Hamstring injury prevention for elite soccer players: a real-world prevention program showing the effect of players' compli-ance on the outcome. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(5), 1383-1388. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003505
Daneshjoo, A., Mokhtar, A. H., Rahnama, N., & Yusof, A. (2013). Effects of the 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programs on physical performance measures in professional soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 12(3), 489–496.
de Labra, C., Guimaraes-Pinheiro, C., Maseda, A., Lorenzo, T., & Millán-Calenti, J. C. (2015). Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized con-trolled trials. BMC geriatrics, 15, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0155-4
De Morton, N. A. (2009). The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 55(2), 129-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1
de Oliveira, N. T., Medeiros, T. M., Vianna, K. B., Oliveira, G. D. S., Ribeiro-Alvares, J. B. de A., & Baroni, B. M. (2020). A four-week training program with the Nordic hamstring exercise during preseason increases eccentric strength of male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 15(4), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20200571
del Ama Espinosa, G., Pöyhönen, T., Aramendi, J. F., Samaniego, J. C., Knörr, J. I. E., & Kyröläinen, H. (2015). Effects of an eccentric training programme on hamstring strain injuries in women football players. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/bhk-2015-0019
Elerian, A. E., El-Sayyad, M. M., & Dorgham, H. A. A. (2019). Effect of pre-training and post-training Nor-dic exercise on hamstring injury prevention, recurrence, and severity in soccer players. Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 43(4), 465-473. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.4.465
Emery, C., & Meeuwisse, W. (2010). The effectiveness of a neuromuscular prevention strategy to re-duce injuries in youth soccer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. British journal of sports medicine, 44(8), 555-562. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.074377
Grassi, A., Macchiarola, L., Filippini, M., Lucidi, G. A., della Villa, F., & Zaffagnini, S. (2020). Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Italian First Division Soccer Players. Sports Health, 12(3), 279–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738119885642
Green, S., Higgins, J., Alderson, P., Clarke, M., Mulrow, C., & Oxman, A. (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Col-laboration.
Grosset, J.-F., Piscione, J., Lambertz, D., & Pérot, C. (2009). Paired changes in electromechanical delay and musculo-tendinous stiffness after endurance or plyometric training. European journal of applied physiology, 105, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0882-8
Guerra, V., Flórez, G., & Bustamante, S. (2019). Ejercicio excéntrico para profilaxis de lesiones del musculo Isquiotibial en deportes que impliquen aceleración y desaceleración. Revista de Inves-tigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud, 1(2), 76-86. https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.25
Hammes, D., Aus der Fünten, K., Kaiser, S., Frisen, E., Bizzini, M., & Meyer, T. (2015). Injury prevention in male veteran football players–a randomised controlled trial using “FIFA 11+”. Journal of sports sciences, 33(9), 873-881. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.975736
Hasebe, Y., Akasaka, K., Otsudo, T., Tachibana, Y., Hall, T., & Yamamoto, M. (2020). Effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in high school soccer players: a randomized con-trolled trial. International journal of sports medicine, 41(03), 154-160. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1034-7854
Hewett, T. E., Ford, K. R., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Myer, G. D. (2010). Understanding and preventing acl injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010. North Ameri-can journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 5(4), 234–251.
Ishøi, L., Hölmich, P., Aagaard, P., Thorborg, K., Bandholm, T., & Serner, A. (2018). Effects of the Nordic Hamstring exercise on sprint capacity in male football players: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of sports sciences, 36(14), 1663-1672. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1409609
Kellis, E., & Blazevich, A. J. (2022). Hamstrings force-length relationships and their implications for an-gle-specific joint torques: a narrative review. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00555-6
Kiani, A., Hellquist, E., Ahlqvist, K., Gedeborg, R., & Byberg, L. (2010). Prevention of soccer-related knee injuries in teenaged girls. Archives of internal medicine, 170(1), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.289 Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Adaptacio-nes neuro-musculoesqueléticas y de rendimiento al entrenamiento pliométrico de las extremi-dades inferiores. Sports Med, 40, 859-895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000
McKinley, P., & Pedotti, A. (1992). Motor strategies in landing from a jump: the role of skill in task exe-cution. Experimental brain research, 90, 427-440. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00227257
Mora, M. L. A., Camargo, N. E., Cárdenas, P. A. B., Mora, J. C. V., Duarte, E. P., & Vasquez, L. A. V. (2018). Validación de un circuito que evalúa habilidades técnicas de fútbol. Revista Investigación en Sa-lud Universidad de Boyacá, 5(2), 246-258.
Naclerio Ayllón, F. J., Faigenbaum, A. D., Larumbe Zabala, E., Goss-Sampson, M., Pérez-Bilbao, T., Jimé-nez Gutiérrez, A., & Beedie, C. (2013). Effects of a low volume injury prevention program on the hamstring torque angle relationship. Research in Sports Medicine, 21(3), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2013.792089
Olivares-Jabalera, J., Fílter-Ruger, A., Dos’Santos, T., Afonso, J., Villa, F. della, Morente-Sánchez, J., Soto-Hermoso, V. M., & Requena, B. (2021). Exercise-based training strategies to reduce the incidence or mitigate the risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury in adult football (Soccer) play-ers: A systematic review. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 18, Issue 24). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413351
Owoeye, O. B. A., Akinbo, S. R. A., Tella, B. A., & Olawale, O. A. (2014). Efficacy of the FIFA 11+ warm-up programme in male youth football: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sci-ence and Medicine, 13(2), 321-328.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., . . . Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Petersen, J., Thorborg, K., Nielsen, M. B., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., & Hölmich, P. (2011). Preventive effect of eccentric training on acute hamstring injuries in men’s soccer: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. The American journal of sports medicine, 39(11), 2296-2303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511419277
Rahlf, A. L., John, C., Hamacher, D., & Zech, A. (2020). Effects of a 10 vs. 20-min injury prevention pro-gram on neuromuscular and functional performance in adolescent football players. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 578866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.578866
Rahlf, A. L., & Zech, A. (2020). Comparison of 10 vs. 20 min neuromuscular training for the prevention of lower extremity injuries in male youth football: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Jour-nal of sports sciences, 38(19), 2177-2185. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1776459
Ramirez‐campillo, R., Moran, J., Oliver, J. L., Pedley, J. S., Lloyd, R. S., & Granacher, U. (2022). Program-ming Plyometric‐Jump Training in Soccer: A Review. In Sports (Vol. 10, Issue 6). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060094
Raya-González, J., de Ste Croix, M., Read, P., & Castillo, D. (2020). A Longitudinal Investigation of muscle injuries in an elite spanish male academy soccer club: A hamstring injuries approach. Applied Sciences, 10(5), 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051610
Ripley, N. J., Cuthbert, M., Comfort, P., & McMahon, J. J. (2023). Effect of additional Nordic hamstring exercise or sprint training on the modifiable risk factors of hamstring strain injuries and per-formance. Plos one, 18(3), e0281966. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281966
Robles-Palazón, F., & de Baranda, P. S. (2017). Programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular para la prevención de lesiones en jóvenes deportistas. Revisión de la literatura. SPORT TK-Revista Eu-roAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 6(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.6018/300451
Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Torres Martin, L., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Castillo, D., & Raya-Gonzalez, J. (2024). The effects of jump training on measures of physical performance, lower extremities injury inci-dence and burden in highly trained male soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine, 32(1), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2022.2079989
Silvers-Granelli, H., Mandelbaum, B., Adeniji, O., Insler, S., Bizzini, M., Pohlig, R., . . . Dvorak, J. (2015). Efficacy of the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program in the collegiate male soccer player. The American journal of sports medicine, 43(11), 2628-2637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515602009
Soligard, T., Myklebust, G., Steffen, K., Holme, I., Silvers, H., Bizzini, M., . . . Andersen, T. E. (2008). Com-prehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster ran-domised controlled trial. BMJ, 337. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2469
Thelin, N., Holmberg, S., & Thelin, A. (2006). Knee injuries account for the sports‐related increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(5), 329-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00497.x
Tumiñá-Ospina, D., Rivas-Campo, Y., García-Garro, P., Gómez-Rodas, A., & Afanador, D. F. (2022). Efec-tividad de los ejercicios nórdicos sobre la incidencia de lesiones de isquiotibiales en futbolistas profesionales y amateur masculinos entre los 15 y 41 años. Revisión sistemática. Revista Ibe-roamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 11(3), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15338
van de Hoef, P. A., Brink, M. S., Huisstede, B. M., van Smeden, M., de Vries, N., Goedhart, E. A., . . . Backx, F. J. (2019). Does a bounding exercise program prevent hamstring injuries in adult male soccer players?–A cluster‐RCT. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 29(4), 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13353
van der Horst, N., Smits, D.-W., Petersen, J., Goedhart, E. A., & Backx, F. J. (2015). The preventive effect of the Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of sports medicine, 43(6), 1316-1323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515574057
Van Hooren, B., & Bosch, F. (2017). Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? Part I: a critical review of the literature. Journal of sports sciences, 35(23), 2313-2321. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1266018
Vatovec, R., Marušič, J., Marković, G., & Šarabon, N. (2021). Effects of Nordic hamstring exercise com-bined with glider exercise on hip flexion flexibility and hamstring passive stiffness. J Sports Sci, 39(20), 2370-2377. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1933350
Waldén, M., Hägglund, M., Werner, J., & Ekstrand, J. (2011). The epidemiology of anterior cruciate liga-ment injury in football (soccer): a review of the literature from a gender-related perspective. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 19, 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1172-7
Weineck, J., & Dreyfus, P. (1985). Anatomie fonctionnelle du sportif. Elsevier Masson
Whalan, M., Lovell, R., Steele, J. R., & Sampson, J. A. (2019). Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces inju-ry burden and increases compliance in semi‐professional football. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 29(12), 1941-1951. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13532
Wingfield, K. (2013). Neuromuscular training to prevent knee injuries in adolescent female soccer players. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 23(5), 407-408. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jsm.0000433153.51313.6b
Woods, C., Hawkins, R., Maltby, S., Hulse, M., Thomas, A., & Hodson, A. (2004). The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football—analysis of ham-string injuries. British journal of sports medicine, 38(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002352
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Luis Carlos Tangarife-Gálvez, Carlos Andrés López-Charria, Oscar Steven Montes-Garces, Sofia Zapata Gil, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
