Efeitos dos exergames não envolventes nas funções executivas de adultos maiores saudáveis. Uma revisão sistemática e metaanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.117767Palavras-chave:
Envelhecimento, cognição, funções executivas, jogos de exercício, revisãoResumo
Introdução: Os exergames têm sido propostos como uma alternativa inovadora e acessível para estimular as funções cognitivas em adultos mais velhos. No entanto, as evidências existentes mostraram resultados diversos e com limitações metodológicas.
Objectivo: O objectivo foi avaliar os efeitos das intervenções crónicas com exergames nas principais dimensões das funções executivas frias em adultos maiores cognitivamente saudáveis, em comparação com os grupos de controlo activos ou passivos.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática e metaanálisis seguindo as guidelines PRISMA. Se incluíram ensaios aleatorizados e não aleatorizados com a duração mínima de uma semana, que compararam os exergames com os grupos de controlo e reportaram medidas pré e pós-intervenção das funções executivas avaliadas através de instrumentos validados. A pesquisa foi realizada na PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e CINAHL Complete.
Resultados: Se incorporan diez estudios, que aplicam programas com consolas como a Nintendo Wii, Xbox Kinect e Nintendo switch. A metaanálise mostrou efeitos pequenos e não significativos na memória de trabalho, flexibilidade cognitiva e inibição, com heterogeneidade moderadamente elevada entre os estudos. A análise de sensibilidade confirma a robustez dos hallazgos.
Discussão: Os resultados coincidiram parcialmente com as revisões anteriores, embora as diferenças na duração, intensidade e tipo de exergame tenham explicado a heterogeneidade. Se tal acontecer, pesando a limitada eficácia cognitiva, os exergames oferecem vendas motivacionais e de adesão.
Conclusões: Os exergames podem beneficiar especificamente a inibição em adultos mais velhos, enquanto os efeitos na memória de trabalho e na flexibilidade cognitiva continuam a ser inciertos.
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