Interação entre o tipo de exercício, o nível de atividade física e a aptidão cardiovascular em adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.117923Palavras-chave:
Exercício de dança Lulo, aptidão cardiovascular, atividade física, adolescentes, experimento fatorialResumo
Introdução: O desenvolvimento de intervenções eficazes de exercício físico para adolescentes requer a compreensão de como as diferentes modalidades de exercício interagem com as características individuais, como os níveis basais de atividade física.
Objectivos: Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar o efeito da interacção entre os tipos de exercício (dança lulo e dança Anak Indonesia Hebat) e o nível de actividade física (alto vs. baixo) na melhoria da aptidão cardiovascular em alunos do ensino básico II e secundário.
Metodologia: Foi utilizado um desenho experimental fatorial 2x2 ao longo de oito semanas. Oitenta alunos do ensino básico II e secundário (idades entre os 13 e os 15 anos) foram aleatoriamente alocados a quatro grupos de intervenção por amostragem por conglomerados: 1) exercício de lulo com elevada atividade física (A1B1), 2) exercício de lulo com baixa atividade física (A1B2), 3) calistenia padronizada com elevada atividade física (A2B1) e 4) calistenia padronizada com baixa atividade física (A2B2). A aptidão cardiovascular, medida pelo consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO₂máx), foi avaliada pelo teste de Balke antes e depois da intervenção. Os dados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA fatorial bidirecional e teste post-hoc de Tukey.
Resultados: A análise mostrou uma interação estatisticamente significativa entre o tipo de exercício e o nível de atividade física na aptidão cardiovascular (F = 12,45, p < 0,01). A maior melhoria média do VO₂máx foi observada no grupo A1B1 (Δ = 4,8 ml/kg/min), seguido pelo A2B1 (Δ = 3,6 ml/kg/min), A1B2 (Δ = 2,9 ml/kg/min) e A2B2 (Δ = 1,8 ml/kg/min).
Discussão: O exercício de dança lulo é mais eficaz do que a calistenia padrão para melhorar a aptidão cardiovascular, e este benefício é mais pronunciado entre adolescentes com um nível basal elevado de atividade física.
Conclusão: Estes achados realçam a importância de considerar tanto a modalidade de exercício como os níveis individuais de atividade física quando se elaboram programas de treino otimizados para jovens.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Iyan Nurdiyan Haris, Rosti Rosti, Ernawati Ernawati, Muh. Ali Akbar; Syarif Hidayat Nasir; Noviria Sukmawati
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