Influência dos hábitos alimentares, do tempo de ecrã e do sono nas variáveis ​​antropométricas, condição física e competência motora em crianças em idade pré-escolar

Autores

  • Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
  • Paola Fuentes Merino
  • Josivaldo de Souza-Lima
  • Catalina Muñoz-Strale
  • Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
  • Maribel Parra-Saldías
  • Daniel Duclos-Bastías
  • José Bruneau-Chávez
  • Eugenio Merellano-Navarro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118228

Palavras-chave:

Dinamometria, velocidade, arremesso, recepção, equilíbrio

Resumo

Introdução: A primeira infância é uma fase crucial para o estabelecimento de comportamentos fundamentais de saúde, onde fatores de estilo de vida, como hábitos alimentares, tempo de ecrã e padrões de sono, interagem para moldar os resultados de saúde a longo prazo.

Objectivo: Determinar as associações entre hábitos alimentares, tempo de ecrã e sono com indicadores antropométricos, aptidão física e motricidade grossa em crianças em idade pré-escolar.

Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra não probabilística de 363 crianças dos 4 aos 7 anos de idade, provenientes de vários municípios do sul do Chile. Foram avaliadas variáveis ​​antropométricas (peso, altura, IMC, perímetro da cintura), aptidão física (força muscular, velocidade/agilidade) e competências motoras grossas. Os pais responderam a questionários sobre hábitos alimentares, tempo de ecrã e duração do sono.

As diferenças entre os grupos foram analisadas por idade e nível de adesão através dos testes t de Student e ANOVA.

Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas com base na adesão ao tempo de ecrã. Foram observadas diferenças limitadas nos hábitos alimentares, incluindo a altura entre as crianças de 5 anos (p=0,039) e o desempenho em saltos entre as crianças de 6 anos (p=0,040).

Discussão: As associações foram geralmente fracas, provavelmente influenciadas por um enviesamento parental que subestimou os comportamentos pouco saudáveis.

Conclusões: Os fatores de estilo de vida apresentaram associações mínimas com os resultados antropométricos e funcionais, sendo o sono o preditor mais consistente de desenvolvimento favorável.

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Publicado

02-06-2026

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

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Godoy-Cumillaf, A., Fuentes Merino, P., de Souza-Lima, J., Muñoz-Strale, C., Giakoni-Ramírez, F., Parra-Saldías, M., Duclos-Bastías, D., Bruneau-Chávez, J., & Merellano-Navarro, E. (2026). Influência dos hábitos alimentares, do tempo de ecrã e do sono nas variáveis ​​antropométricas, condição física e competência motora em crianças em idade pré-escolar. Retos, 79, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118228