Efeitos da adição de videojogos ativos ao exercício convencional na função cognitiva de adultos mais velhos: um ensaio clínico randomizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.118264Palavras-chave:
Idosos, função cognitiva, jogos de exercício, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúdeResumo
Introdução: O declínio cognitivo nos idosos impacta negativamente a independência e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QVRS). A integração de estímulos físicos e cognitivos através de jogos eletrónicos ativos (GEA) pode potenciar os benefícios do exercício físico convencional (EFC).
Objectivo: Avaliar os efeitos da adição de GEA a um programa de EFC na função cognitiva e na QVRS de idosos residentes na comunidade.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico controlado com grupos paralelos. Cinquenta participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 84 anos foram aleatoriamente alocados a um grupo de intervenção (GI: EFC + GEA) ou a um grupo de controlo (GC: apenas EFC) durante oito semanas (duas sessões por semana). A função cognitiva (desfecho primário) foi avaliada através da Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal (MoCA) e da QVRS (desfecho secundário) através do Questionário de Saúde SF-12v2.
Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhorias em diversos domínios cognitivos; contudo, o grupo de intervenção (GI) apresentou melhorias significativamente maiores na linguagem, na recordação tardia e na função cognitiva geral (p<0,05). A proporção de participantes com função cognitiva normal aumentou 36% no grupo de intervenção (GI) (p=0,003) em comparação com 12% no grupo de controlo (GC) (p>0,05). Em comparação com o GC, o GI apresentou melhorias significativas nas dimensões física e mental da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QVRS) (p<0,05).
Conclusões: Estes achados sugerem que a adição da terapia vocal (TV) ao exercício cognitivo (EC) pode melhorar a função cognitiva e a QVRS de forma mais eficaz do que o EC isoladamente. A TV parece ser um adjuvante seguro, atraente e promissor para promover a saúde cognitiva e o bem-estar nos idosos.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 María José Medel-Gutiérrez, Macarena Cárcamo-Vargas, Adolfo Soto-Martínez, Claudio Carvajal-Parodi, David Ulloa-Díaz, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Francisco Guede-Rojas
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