Negociando o significado do bullying no futebol juvenil na China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118371Palavras-chave:
Assédio moral, construtivismo social, cultura desportiva, desportos de desenvolvimento, futebolResumo
Introdução. O bullying no contexto desportivo é um problema global que afeta a saúde e a continuidade da participação no desporto. Na China, embora a investigação sobre o bullying tenha aumentado, os estudos focados no desporto são ainda escassos.
Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas e interações dos jogadores de futebol chineses adolescentes para compreender como identificam o bullying nas suas equipas e revelar como essa identificação é construída, negociada e reforçada através de processos sociais e contextos culturais.
Metodologia. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo baseado no construtivismo social. Participaram 21 jogadores de futebol, com idades entre os 9 e os 19 anos, de sete cidades chinesas. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade e analisados utilizando a teoria fundamentada construtivista.
Resultados. Os resultados mostraram que a identificação do bullying não se baseou em critérios universais, mas sim em interpretações negociadas. As normas desportivas e a cultura da equipa influenciaram a normalização de comportamentos potencialmente prejudiciais.
Discussão. Os resultados foram consistentes com estudos anteriores que indicam a influência do contexto na perceção do bullying. Era evidente que a identificação dependia não só de fatores individuais, mas também de processos coletivos mediados pela linguagem, emoções e hierarquias.
Conclusões: A identificação do bullying no desporto é uma construção social, e a sua prevenção requer intervenções que abordem a dinâmica de grupo e a cultura organizacional neste contexto.
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