Relações entre as atitudes alimentares, a imagem corporal, a autoestima e o índice de massa corporal em adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v77.118573Palavras-chave:
Adolescentes, índice de massa corporal, imagem corporal, atitudes em relação à alimentação, autoestimaResumo
Introdução: A literatura indica que, durante a adolescência, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a autoestima e as atitudes alimentares estão intimamente inter-relacionadas.
Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo foi examinar as relações entre as atitudes alimentares (AA), o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a discrepância na imagem corporal e a auto-estima em adolescentes, e investigar os efeitos do género e da idade nestas variáveis.
Métodos: Foi utilizado um desenho metodológico transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 387 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 18 anos (177 do sexo masculino, 210 do sexo feminino) residentes na província de Eskişehir. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário demográfico, do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), da Escala de Avaliação da Figura (FRS) e da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES). O IMC foi calculado com base na altura e no peso dos participantes. Foram realizados testes t de amostras independentes, ANOVA e análises de correlação de Pearson.
Resultados: Os adolescentes do sexo feminino reportaram pontuações de EAT significativamente mais elevadas do que os do sexo masculino, enquanto os adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram valores de IMC mais elevados. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas relacionadas com a idade em relação ao EAT, IMC, discrepância da imagem corporal ou autoestima. As análises de correlação mostraram que os escores do EAT estavam positivamente associados à discrepância da imagem corporal e negativamente associados à autoestima. A associação mais forte foi observada entre o IMC e a discrepância da imagem corporal, enquanto o IMC não apresentou relação direta com o EAT ou a autoestima.
Conclusões: Os achados indicam que o EAT dos adolescentes está mais fortemente associado a fatores psicológicos, particularmente à imagem corporal e à autoestima, do que ao peso corporal objetivo. Estes resultados realçam a importância de estratégias preventivas e de intervenção que abordem a imagem corporal e o bem-estar psicológico para promover comportamentos alimentares saudáveis durante a adolescência.
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