Treino de força multicomponente, cognição e qualidade muscular em idosos: uma revisão sistemática e síntese narrativa

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118659

Palavras-chave:

Funções cognitivas, idosos, aptidão física, força muscular, revisão sistemática

Resumo

Introdução: O envelhecimento está associado a declínios progressivos da função muscular e cognitiva. Embora o exercício multicomponente seja amplamente recomendado, a contribuição da qualidade muscular, para além da massa, para a cognição representa uma lacuna crítica na evidência.

Objectivo: O objectivo foi rever e sintetizar sistematicamente os efeitos das intervenções de exercício multicomponente baseadas na força na cognição e nos indicadores de qualidade muscular em idosos, destacando o papel do eixo músculo-cérebro como factor explicativo central.

Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e CINAHL Complete. Foram incluídos estudos clínicos que avaliaram intervenções crónicas de exercício multicomponente com treino de força como componente principal. Os resultados cognitivos incluíram as funções executivas, enquanto os resultados musculares enfatizaram a força, a potência e o desempenho funcional como indicadores da qualidade muscular. O risco de viés foi avaliado através da ferramenta RoB-2.

Resultados: Foram incluídos oito ensaios clínicos randomizados. A maioria dos estudos relatou melhorias nas funções executivas, particularmente no controlo inibitório e na flexibilidade cognitiva, juntamente com ganhos concomitantes de força e potência muscular. As associações com os resultados cognitivos foram mais consistentes para os indicadores de qualidade muscular do que para os indicadores de massa muscular.

Discussão: Os resultados sugerem que as exigências neuromusculares desempenham um papel significativo na mediação dos benefícios cognitivos. Isto realça que as adaptações funcionais podem ser mais importantes para a saúde cognitiva do que as alterações quantitativas do volume muscular.

Conclusões: Os exercícios multicomponentes baseados na força promovem a função executiva, com a qualidade muscular a emergir como um fator chave para o desenvolvimento de intervenções clínicas mais precisas.

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02-06-2026

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Revisões teóricas sistemáticas e/ou metanálises

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Jerez-Salas, F., Villouta-Gutiérrez, O., Luksic-Cataldo, V., & Pavez-Álvarez, C. (2026). Treino de força multicomponente, cognição e qualidade muscular em idosos: uma revisão sistemática e síntese narrativa. Retos, 79, 78-92. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.118659