Barreiras à atividade física em adultos com deficiência visual: uma análise comparativa do estado visual e da etiologia

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118861

Palavras-chave:

Cegueira adquirida, cegueira congénita, barreiras multidimensionais, participação em atividades físicas, deficiência visual

Resumo

Introdução: A participação em atividades físicas entre adultos com deficiência visual continua desproporcionalmente baixa; por exemplo, na Indonésia, apenas 30% praticam atividades físicas de intensidade moderada. Apesar destas baixas taxas, a investigação negligencia frequentemente a forma como as características visuais específicas, particularmente o estado visual e a etiologia, influenciam a perceção das barreiras a um estilo de vida ativo.

Objectivo: Analisar as variações na percepção das barreiras à actividade física entre adultos com deficiência visual, estratificadas por estado visual (baixa visão vs. cegueira total) e etiologia (congénita vs. adquirida).

Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal quantitativo em Java Oriental com 60 participantes divididos em quatro grupos (n=15 cada) de acordo com o seu perfil visual. As barreiras foram medidas através do Questionário de Barreiras à Atividade Física (PABQ), baseado no Modelo Socioecológico, que avalia os domínios do ambiente pessoal, social e físico. Os dados foram analisados ​​através de ANOVA unidirecional com comparações post-hoc. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos domínios social (p = 0,033) e físico (p = 0,001), enquanto as barreiras pessoais não foram significativas (p = 0,103). Os adultos com cegueira total adquirida reportaram as pontuações mais elevadas de barreiras, particularmente no domínio físico (M = 32,93; DP = 7,17). A diferença mais substancial foi observada entre os grupos com baixa visão congénita e cegueira total adquirida (diferença média = -20,07; IC 95% [-25,53, -14,60]; p < 0,001).

Discussão: A análise estratificada revela que o momento e a gravidade da perda de visão influenciam claramente a perceção das barreiras, o que contrasta com as suposições anteriores sobre desafios uniformes relacionados com o motociclismo.

Conclusões: O tipo e o início da deficiência visual influenciam a perceção das barreiras; a cegueira total adquirida apresenta os maiores desafios. Os resultados apoiam intervenções personalizadas e investigação longitudinal para melhorar a atividade física.

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Publicado

02-07-2026

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Ashadi, K., Andriana, L. M., Fajar, M. K., Sidik, R. M., Widohardhono, R., Utami, T. S., Jatmikanto, R. S., & Omar, R. (2026). Barreiras à atividade física em adultos com deficiência visual: uma análise comparativa do estado visual e da etiologia. Retos, 80, 1374-1385. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118861