Competências emocionais do professor de Educação Física e a sua influência no clima motivacional da sala de aula

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.119215

Palavras-chave:

Competências emocionais, clima motivacional, motivação, educação física, alunos

Resumo

Introdução: As competências emocionais dos professores são uma componente relevante do processo educativo, especialmente na Educação Física, onde as interações sociais e as experiências emocionais influenciam a perceção dos alunos sobre o clima motivacional e a sua participação.

Objectivo: Analisar o clima motivacional percebido pelos alunos nas aulas de Educação Física, considerando as competências emocionais dos professores como um factor contextual nas instituições de ensino da província de Manabí, Equador.

Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com um desenho não experimental, transversal e descritivo-comparativo. A amostra foi constituída por 240 alunos do ensino básico II e secundário, e 12 professores de Educação Física, considerados modelos pedagógicos para os grupos avaliados. Foram utilizados questionários do tipo Likert para medir o clima motivacional na perspetiva dos alunos e as competências emocionais dos professores. A análise incluiu estatística descritiva e comparações entre grupos de turmas.

Resultados: Os professores demonstraram níveis elevados de competências emocionais, particularmente empatia e consciência emocional. Os alunos percecionaram um clima motivacional predominantemente orientado para a aprendizagem, acompanhado por elevados níveis de participação, interesse e prazer. Foram também observadas variações entre os grupos de turmas, com tendências descritivas a sugerirem níveis mais elevados de um clima orientado para a aprendizagem em contextos associados a professores com maiores competências emocionais.

Conclusões: Os resultados fornecem evidências sobre o papel das competências emocionais dos professores como elemento contextual na formação do clima motivacional em Educação Física, destacando a importância do reforço do desenvolvimento socioemocional dos professores.

Referências

Almonacid-Fierro, A., Aguilar-Valdés, M., Souza de Carvalho, R., & Merellano-Navarro, E. (2024). Emo-cionalidad en el aula de primaria de Educación Física postpandemia (Emotionality in the post-pandemic primary physical education classroom). Retos, 53, 608-617. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.100235

Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psy-chology, 84(3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261

Bisquerra, R. (2009). Educación emocional y bienestar. Praxis.

Braun, S., & Hooper, A. (2024). Social and emotional competencies predict pre-service teachers’ occu-pational health and personal well-being. Teaching and Teacher Education, 147, 104654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104654

Cantonero, J., Real, Á., Barragán, R., & García, J. (2024). Teacher Training and Motivational Climate in Physical Education: Secondary School Student Perception. E-Balonmano.com: Journal of Sports Science, 20(3), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.17398/1885-7019.20.343

Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., & Moon, I. S. (2012). Experimentally based, longitudinally designed, teacher-focused intervention to help physical education teachers be more autonomy supportive. Jour-nal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(3), 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.3.365

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_DeciRyan_PIWhatWhy.pdf

Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290.

Dyson, B., Griffin, L., & Hastie, P. (2024). Students’ perspectives of social and emotional learning in physical education program. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 43(4), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2023-0090

Fierro, S., Sáenz, P., Carmona, J., & Almagro, B. (2022). Achievement emotions, intention to be physical-ly active, and academic achievement in physical education: Gender differences. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(1), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0230

Franco, E., Pérez, E., & Coterón, J. (2025). How teachers’ burnout shapes students’ behavioural engage-ment in physical education: A multilevel perspective. Acta Psychologica, 260, 105627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105627

Girard, S., Desbiens, J., & Hogue, A. (2023). Effects of a training course on creation of an empowering motivational climate in physical education: A quasi-experimental study. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 28(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1953457

Granero, A., Gómez, M., & Manzano, D. (2023). Effect of a Physical Education Teacher’s Autonomy Sup-port on Self-Esteem in Secondary-School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelli-gence. Children, 10(10), 1690. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101690

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.

Guo, K., Ma, Q., Yao, S., Liu, C., & Hui, Z. (2022). The Relationship Between Empowering Motivational Climate in Physical Education and Social Responsibility of High School Students: Chain Mediat-ing Effect Test. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 752702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752702

Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Izquierdo, F., Medina, I., & Lecina, M. (2025). Análisis de dos modelos pedagógicos sobre el clima moti-vacional en Educación Física de Bachillerato a través del rugby tag. Retos, 66, 467–478. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.109358

Jennings, P. A., Frank, J. L., Snowberg, K. E., Coccia, M. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2017). Improving class-room learning environments by cultivating awareness and resilience in education (CARE): Re-sults of a randomized controlled trial. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(4), 499–513. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233911328_Improving_classroom_learning_environ-ments_by_Cultivating_Awareness_and_Resilience_in_Education_CARE_Results_of_two_pilot_studies

Juarez, K., Simonton, K., Shiver, V., & Kim, Y. (2025). Investigating Physical Education Teachers’ Psy-chological Profiles for Teaching Students Toward a Growth Mindset. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 3(10), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2024-0419

León, B., Fernández, J., Rivera, S., & Iglesias, D. (2023). Cooperative learning, emotions, and academic performance in physical education: A serial multiple mediation model. Psicología Educativa, 29(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2023a2

Mayo, C., García, L., Diloy, S., García, J., & Abós, Á. (2024). ¿Qué mueve a profesores y profesoras de Edu-cación Física en formación a impartir clase con distintos estilos (des)motivadores? Un estudio basado en el modelo circular. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 44(1), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2024-0091

Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Harvard University Press.

Ntoumanis, N. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on motivation in sport and physical education. Motivation in Sport and Exercise, 91–128. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284926255_A_self-determina-tion_theory_perspective_on_motivation_in_sport_and_physical_education_Current_trends_and_possible_future_research_directions

Ntoumanis, N., & Standage, M. (2009). Motivation in physical education classes: A self-determination theory perspective. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 194–202. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2009_NtoumanisStandage_TRE.pdf

Odescalchi, C., Paleczek, L., & Gasteiger, B. (2025). Primary school teachers’ social-emotional compe-tencies and strategies in fostering the social participation of students with SEBD. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 40(2), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2024.2370149

Petiot, O., & Kermarrec, G. (2025). Emotional Labor of Physical Education Teachers: Portrait Vignettes on Genuine Expression in French Compensatory Education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Ed-ucation, 5(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2025-0024

Richards, K., Trad, A., Kinder, C., Graber, K., & Woods, A. (2022). The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Resilience in Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty Perceived Mattering. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 41(3), 455–465. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0031

Savina, E., Fulton, C., & Beaton, C. (2025). Teacher Emotional Competence: A Conceptual Model. Educa-tional Psychology Review, 37(40). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10018-2

Simonton, K., Garn, A., & Layne, T. (2024). An Investigation of Content-Specific Unit Emotions in Sec-ondary Physical Education. Education Sciences, 14(10), 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14101123

Simonton, K., & Layne, T. (2023). Investigating middle school students’ physical education emotions, emotional antecedents, self-esteem, and intentions for physical activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(4), 757–766. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0193

Simonton, K., Garn, A., & Washburn, N. (2021). Caring climate, emotions, and engagement in high school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 41(3), 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0086

Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A test of self-determination theory in school physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(3), 411–433. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2005_StandageDudaNtoumanis_BJEP.pdf

Publicado

01-06-2026

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Silva Sánchez, M., Laínez Quinde, A., Vera García, J. M., Zambrano Vélez, W. A., & Hernández Suárez, R. E. (2026). Competências emocionais do professor de Educação Física e a sua influência no clima motivacional da sala de aula. Retos, 79, 806-818. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.119215