Article RETRACTED due to malpractice Daily Activity, Time Use, and Childhood Stunting: A Scoping Review of How Movement and Growth Are Studied and Measured
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v83.119765Palavras-chave:
Stunting, physical activity, time use, motor development, child growth, scoping reviewResumo
Childhood stunting reflects long-term undernutrition and is usually framed as a problem of diet, yet how children spend their day, through play, work, study, and rest, is increasingly studied alongside growth. Objective. This scoping review maps how research has examined and measured daily activity, time use, and physical fitness in relation to childhood stunting, and how a major longitudinal cohort captures these constructs in practice. Methods. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR, we searched Scopus and screened records by document type, language, and year. 368 documents published between 2010 and 2025 met the criteria and were charted by year, geography, source, and theme. The Young Lives cohort documentation was examined as a measurement case. Results. Nutrition themes appeared in 358 documents and activity, fitness, or motor themes in 252 (68 percent), with 252 addressing both at once. The activity strand has tracked the nutrition strand closely since about 2019. Nutrition and public health journals carry most of the work, while dedicated movement and physical education outlets are scarce. In the cohort case, 299 unique variables were available, including a harmonised growth block and a harmonised time-use block across four countries. Conclusions. Research on stunting has widened from a diet-only view to one in which movement and growth are studied together, but the measurement of activity remains uneven and movement science is underrepresented. The field offers a clear and largely unfilled role for physical education and human movement research.
Referências
Adair, L. S., Fall, C. H., Osmond, C., Stein, A. D., Martorell, R., Ramirez-Zea, M., Sachdev, H. S., Dahly, D. L., Bas, I., Norris, S. A., Micklesfield, L., Hallal, P., & Victora, C. G. (2013). Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: findings from five birth cohort studies. The Lancet, 382(9891), 525–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60103-8
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Abdeta, C., Abi Nader, P., Adeniyi, A. F., Aguilar-Farias, N., Andrade Tenesaca, D. S., Bhawra, J., Brazo-Sayavera, J., Cardon, G., Chang, C.-K., Delisle Nyström, C., Demetriou, Y., Draper, C. E., Edwards, L., Emeljanovas, A., Gába, A., Galaviz, K. I., González, S. A., … Tremblay, M. S. (2018). Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(s2), S251–S273. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0472
Barnett, I., Ariana, P., Petrou, S., Penny, M. E., Duc, L. T., Galab, S., Woldehanna, T., Escobal, J. A., Plugge, E., & Boyden, J. (2013). Cohort Profile: The Young Lives Study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(3), 701–708. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys082
Benjamin-Chung, J., Mertens, A., Colford, J. M., Hubbard, A. E., van der Laan, M. J., Coyle, J., & Arnold, B. F. (2023). Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries. Nature, 621(7979), 550–557. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06418-5
Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Grantham-McGregor, S., Katz, J., Martorell, R., & Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Crookston, B. T., Penny, M. E., Alder, S. C., Dickerson, T. T., Merrill, R. M., Stanford, J. B., & Dearden, K. A. (2011). Impact of early and concurrent stunting on cognition. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 7(4), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00255.x
Dong, Y., Lau, P. W. C., Dong, B., Zou, Z., Yang, Y., Wen, B., & Ma, J. (2019). Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: A retrospective analysis of 1.5 million students. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 3(12), 871–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30302-5
Favara, M., Mohsini, K., Sanchez, A., Molina, M. de los A., & Woodman, A. (2026). Young Lives: Rounds 1–7 constructed files. UK Data Service.
Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380(9838), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1
Hoddinott, J., Behrman, J. R., Maluccio, J. A., Melgar, P., Quisumbing, A. R., Ramirez-Zea, M., Stein, A. D., Yount, K. M., & Martorell, R. (2013). Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(5), 1170–1178. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.064584
Hofferth, S. L., & Sandberg, J. F. (2001). How American Children Spend Their Time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(2), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00295.x
Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 701–736. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.701
Leroy, J. L., Ruel, M., Habicht, J.-P., & Frongillo, E. A. (2014). Linear Growth Deficit Continues to Accumulate beyond the First 1000 Days in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Global Evidence from 51 National Surveys. The Journal of Nutrition, 144(9), 1460–1466. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.191981
Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69
Mihaylova, J., Mohsini, K., Quigua Chinchilla, J., Tanima, T., & Woodman Deza, A. (2025). Young Lives Round 1–7 data inventory (Technical Note 62).
Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Soares, C. B. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(3), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
Pranckutė, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The Titans of Bibliographic Information in Today’s Academic World. Publications, 9(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012
Prentice, A. M., Ward, K. A., Goldberg, G. R., Jarjou, L. M., Moore, S. E., Fulford, A. J., & Prentice, A. (2013). Critical windows for nutritional interventions against stunting. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(5), 911–918. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.052332
Roth, D. E., Krishna, A., Leung, M., Shi, J., Bassani, D. G., & Barros, A. J. D. (2017). Early childhood linear growth faltering in low-income and middle-income countries as a whole-population condition: analysis of 179 Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 countries (1993–2015). The Lancet Global Health, 5(12), e1249–e1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30418-7
Sudfeld, C. R., McCoy, D. C., Fink, G., Muhihi, A., Bellinger, D. C., Masanja, H., Smith, E. R., Danaei, G., Ezzati, M., & Fawzi, W. W. (2015). Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children. The Journal of Nutrition, 145(12), 2705–2714. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.215996
Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., … Zehr, L. (2016). Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6 (Suppl. 3)), S311–S327. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0151
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
Vaivada, T., Akseer, N., Akseer, S., Somaskandan, A., Stefopulos, M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112, 777S-791S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa159
Victora, C. G., Christian, P., Vidaletti, L. P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Menon, P., & Black, R. E. (2021). Revisiting maternal and child undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries: variable progress towards an unfinished agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00394-9
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Rusana Rusana, Saryono, Arif Setyo Upoyo, Sehat Dwi Prasaja
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
