Aplicaciones para la promoción de la actividad física en adolescentes. Revisión narrativa de las técnicas clave para el cambio de conducta y sus características principales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.110823Palabras clave:
Actividad física, ejercicio, niños, adolescentes, comportamiento, motivaciónResumen
Introducción: Investigaciones anteriores no han explorado características ni técnicas de cambio de comportamiento (BCT) en las intervenciones de promoción de la actividad física (AF) entre adolescentes, incluidas las aplicaciones de salud móvil (mHealth). Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre aplicaciones de promoción de AF para adolescentes, examinando sus fundamentos teóricos, BCT clave, características principales y su influencia en la adherencia y el mantenimiento de la AF. Metodología: La revisión incluye estudios revisados por pares publicados desde 2012 hasta diciembre de 2024, empleando metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los estudios incluidos examinaron a adolescentes sanos, centrándose en las funciones de las aplicaciones de AF y su relación con la promoción de la AF. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de veintiún estudios: diez revisiones, ocho estudios cualitativos y tres evaluaciones de calidad de aplicaciones. Los hallazgos indican que las herramientas de salud móvil y los rastreadores portátiles producen impactos variables en la participación de la AP. Conclusiónes: Las investigaciones futuras deben adoptar estándares metodológicos más altos. Los estudios comparativos sobre intervenciones de AF requieren cautela debido a limitaciones como investigación insuficiente, herramientas de evaluación de cumplimiento inadecuadas, sesgos potenciales y la ausencia de ensayos controlados aleatorios. Los resultados inconsistentes de los estudios de intervención actuales resaltan la necesidad de desarrollar programas de AF guiados por el mapeo de intervención o la Rueda de Cambio de Comportamiento, enfatizando metodologías de alta calidad adaptadas a grupos demográficos específicos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Hugo Vieira Pereira, Diogo S. Teixeira, Malgorzata Slawinska, Paul Davis, Marcos López-Flores, Markus Nyström, Marlene N. Silva, António L. Palmeira, Lúcia Gomes
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