Influencia de los hábitos saludables sobre las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico: papel de las diferencias de género

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115281

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, funciones ejecutivas, hábitos saludables, rendimiento académico, preadolescentes

Resumen

Introducción y Objetivo. Este estudio examina la relación entre hábitos saludables—actividad física, sueño y nutrición—y su impacto en las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el rendimiento académico en niños de 11 a 12 años (edad media = 11.49 ± 0.51 años), considerando también las diferencias según el género.

Metodología. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 51 estudiantes (24 niños y 27 niñas) de dos escuelas concertadas de Barcelona, seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando instrumentos validados, incluido el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Sueño Infantil (CSHQ), el cuestionario KIDMED (nutrición), el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Infantil (PAQ-C) y el Inventario de Evaluación del Comportamiento de la Función Ejecutiva (BRIEF-2). El rendimiento académico se midió utilizando los resultados de la prueba de competencias básicas. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rho) y Kendall Tau-b para analizar las asociaciones entre variables.

Resultados. La actividad física mostró una mejora significativa en la flexibilidad cognitiva, mientras que el sueño se correlacionó positivamente con múltiples dominios de las FE. Los análisis por género mostraron más correlaciones entre actividad física, sueño y funciones ejecutivas en niños que, en niñas, pese a su menor muestra. La nutrición (ALIM) no mostró correlaciones con las FE en ninguno de los dos grupos.

Conclusiones. No obstante, se requiere una muestra más amplia para lograr una comprensión más exhaustiva. Estudios longitudinales y programas de intervención centrados en el sueño, la nutrición y la actividad física podrían potenciar el rendimiento cognitivo y académico.

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Publicado

04-09-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Samadi, S., Guillem, M., Lira Quina, M. Ángel, & Batalla Flores, A. (2025). Influencia de los hábitos saludables sobre las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico: papel de las diferencias de género. Retos, 72, 224-238. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115281