Competencias docentes en Educación Física evaluadas con instrumentos observacionales en estudios aleatorizados: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116705Palabras clave:
Competencias docentes, Educación Física, evaluación docente, instrumentos de observación, revisión sistemáticaResumen
Introducción: La observación directa ha sido utilizada como método para analizar las prácticas docentes en Educación Física durante años. Aunque algunas revisiones sistemáticas se han centrado en el rol de los docentes en Educación Física, ninguna de ellas ha puesto el foco en los instrumentos de observación utilizados para evaluar las competencias docentes.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática pretende analizar los instrumentos observacionales utilizados para evaluar las competencias docentes en Educación Física, identificar las competencias que incluyen y examinar los métodos de observación y los procesos de formación de los observadores, en artículos que utilizan muestras aleatorizadas.
Metodología: Se siguió el protocolo PRISMA y la búsqueda realizada proporcionó un total de 783 artículos. Los criterios de inclusión estuvieron relacionados con la aparición de las competencias en las investigaciones, el uso de instrumentos de observación y con la aleatorización de la muestra.
Resultados: Siete artículos cumplieron con estos criterios. La competencia docente más común fue la capacidad de proporcionar retroalimentación a los estudiantes, pero otras como la gestión de la sesión, la capacidad para involucrar al alumnado o el uso de un lenguaje informativo también fueron encontradas. Los estudios seleccionados utilizaron varios instrumentos de observación para evaluar las competencias docentes.
Discusión: El análisis sobre los instrumentos observacionales utilizados reveló distintos enfoques, pero ninguno de ellos trató de analizar de manera global las competencias docentes en Educación Física.
Conclusiones: Enfatizamos la necesidad de desarrollar un instrumento observacional para evaluar las competencias docentes esenciales que los maestros de Educación Física deberían poseer.
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