Prescription of physical exercise for postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis based on a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102439Keywords:
Exercise, osteoporosis, agedAbstract
Background: To analyze the methods of physical exercises that are efficient in improving the levels of bone mineral density (BMD)/T-score of postmenopausal women and to elaborate an exercise prescription model for women with low BMD and/or osteoporosis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that analyzed physical exercise methods that show efficiency for BMD in postmenopausal women with low BMD and/or osteoporosis. Results: Nine RCTs were selected. The most efficient exercises to improve the BMD were resistance, multicomponent, aerobic, and vibration training. The least efficient method was water training (hydrogymnastics). Conclusion: Exercises in normal gravity had the best effects on BMD compared to those performed in reduced gravity. Adequate training frequency should be 3 times/week or more. Intervention time should be around 12 months or more. The training intensity should be between moderate and high. Moreover, the exercise prescription proposal relates the T-score classification, level of physical activity, and use of medication, in addition to anamnesis, which considers the patients' previous fractures and risk factors for fractures.
Keywords: bone mineral density, osteoporosis, physical activity, older
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