Adaptation and validation of the coach's perceived competence questionnaire: application to the Mexican context

Authors

  • Kathryn Valenzuela Mendoza Universidad Estatal de Sonora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0709-8253
  • Maritza Delgado-Herrada Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México)
  • Álex Zárate Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México)
  • Jorge Zamarripa Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115077

Keywords:

Character building, game strategy , motivation, physical conditioning, psychometric properties, technique

Abstract

Introduction: Coaches play a crucial role in the development of athletes, not only in terms of performance, but also in their emotional and psychological well-being. Coaching competence, the ability to plan, execute and evaluate training strategies, as well as to manage interpersonal relationships, is a determining factor in the sporting experience.

Aim: evaluate the psychometric properties of the "Athletes Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II" from the Spanish translated version and adapted to the Mexican context, in order to obtain a valid and reliable instrument to measure the perception of coaching competence in Mexican athletes.

Sample: It consisted of 669 athletes aged 15 to 22 years (M = 19 years), of which 49% were men and 51% women. The present study is quantitative with an instrumental design since it is intended to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instrument.

Instruments: The “Athletes Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II–High School Teams” scale was used, translated into Spanish and adapted to the Mexican context.

Results: The instrument presented favorable internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed satisfactory fit indices.

Conclusions: The questionnaire on athletes’ perception of the Coaching Competency Scale II is a reliable and valid instrument. Athletes’ perception of coach competence has a significant impact on their satisfaction and performance. A coach perceived as competent not only improves sports performance, but also the athlete’s psychological well-being.

References

Álvarez, M. S., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I. y Duda, J. L. (2009). Coach autonomy support and quality of sport engagement in young soccer players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001552

Amorose, A. J., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2007). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.11.003

Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de inves-tigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Banack, H. R., Sabiston, C. M., & Bloom, G. A. (2011). Coach autonomy support, basic need satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation of paralympic athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(4), 722–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599809

Barquero-Ruiz, C., Morales-Belando, M. T., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2020). A teaching games for under-standing program to deal with reasons for dropout in under-11 football. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 91(3), 384–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1759767

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.

Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.

Chou, Y. H., Lin, F. C., Chang, S. C., & Chuang, H. H. (2013). Coaches' emotional intelligence and athletes' satisfaction with their coaches' leadership. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(7), 1193–1202. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.7.1193

Côté, J., & Gilbert, W. (2009). An integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise. Interna-tional Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(3), 307–323.

https://doi.org/10.1260/174795409789623892

Ekholm, D., Dahlstedt, M., & Lauri, J. (2020). Coaches' competencies and the implementation of a sport-based social intervention program. Sport in Society, 23(2), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1574956

Fernández-Espínola, C., Robles, J. L., Almagro, B. J., & Sañudo, B. (2020). Adaptation and validation of the Athletes’ Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II (APCCS II) to the Spanish context. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 29(1), 79–87. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=31125837011

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

García, L. M., López, J. C., & Pérez, M. G. (2022). Validación del cuestionario de percepción de la compe-tencia del entrenador en atletas argentinos. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 31(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicdep.2022.04.003

García-Calvo, T., Leo, F. M., González-Ponce, I., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Mouratidis, A., & Ntoumanis, N. (2014). Coaches' interpersonal style, basic psychological needs and the well- and ill-being of young soccer players: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(11), 1074–1087. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.880792

Gillet, N., Vallerand, R. J., Amoura, S., & Baldes, B. (2010). Influence of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and ex-trinsic motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 155–161.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.10.004

González, A. M., Jiménez, A., & Pérez, M. A. (2017). Adaptación y validación de instrumentos psicológi-cos en el deporte: Un enfoque cultural. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(2), 45–55.

Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million partic-ipants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2

Hambleton, R. K., & Kanjee, A. (1995). Increasing the validity of cross-cultural assessments: Use of im-proved methods for test adaptations. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.11.3.147

Hernández-Nieto, R. A., & Hernández, R. (2019). Cultural and linguistic adaptation of measurement instruments in sports psychology. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Deporte, 12(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicdeport.2018.12.002

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados.

Horn, T. S. (2002). Advances in Sport Psychology. Human Kinetics. https://us.humankinetics.com/products/advances-in-sport-and-exercise-psychology-4th-edition?srsltid=AfmBOoqjK0-wWBws6Uo0jnVXw-Lp5awMMXj5VDU-ZNUOrwDykrutSOfx

Horn, T. S. (2008). Coaching effectiveness in the sport domain. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 239–267). Human Kinetics.

Jowett, S., & Shanmugam, V. (2016). Relational coaching in sport: Its psychological underpinnings and practical application. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9(1), 239–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1197316

Kavussanu, M., Boardley, I. D., & Ring, C. (2021). Validation of the coaching competency scale in Greek athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(8), 1010–1020.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1881747

Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2017). The role of motivation and competence in the coach-athlete relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 20–28.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.03.003

Lorimer, R., & Jowett, S. (2010). Feedback of information in the empathic accuracy of sport coaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 12–17.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.04.004

Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). El análisis fac-torial exploratorio de los ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 1151–1169.

Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2019). The coach–athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(11), 883–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140385

Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L., & Wolfe, E. W. (2008). A confirmatory study of rating scale category effec-tiveness for the coaching efficacy scale. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599495

Myers, N. D., Chase, M. A., Beauchamp, M. R., & Jackson, B. (2010). Athletes’ perceptions of coaching competency scale II-High school teams. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 477–494.

Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: segunda edición. Revista de Psicología, 20(2), 47–57.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psic.2013.09.002

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2ª ed.). McGraw-Hill.

O’Neil, L., & Hodge, K. (2019). Commitment in sport: The role of coaching style and autonomous versus controlled motivation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 31, 1–11.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1581302

Padilla, J. L., & Benítez, I. (2014). Validación de cuestionarios para estudios transculturales: la adapta-ción cultural de instrumentos. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 88(2), 329-341.

https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-57272014000200007

Rebar, A. L., Stanton, R., Geard, D., Short, C., & Duncan, M. J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical populations. Health Psychology Re-view, 9(3), 366-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.940410

Ridley, K., Zabeen, S., & Lunnay, B. K. (2018). Children’s physical activity levels during organised sports practices. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(9), 930-934.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.019

Santos, F., Jiménez, R., & Cruz, J. (2020). Competencia del entrenador y su relación con el rendimiento deportivo: Un análisis en diferentes disciplinas. Psicología del Deporte, 29(2), 80-90.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicdeport.2020.03.004

Shumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. Law-rence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.

Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2015). Effects of a motivational climate intervention for coaches on young athletes’ sport performance anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psycholo-gy, 29(1), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.1.39

Soper, D.S. (2024). A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software]. Availa-ble from https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc

Turnnidge, J., Côté, J., & Hancock, D. J. (2020). Positive youth development from sport to life: Explicit or implicit transfer? Quest, 72(2), 191-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2019.1611289

Downloads

Published

03-10-2025

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Valenzuela Mendoza, K., Delgado-Herrada, M., Zárate, Álex, & Zamarripa, J. (2025). Adaptation and validation of the coach’s perceived competence questionnaire: application to the Mexican context. Retos, 72, 970-980. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115077