Comparación de la condición física y composición corporal por categorías de edad en futbolistas jóvenes profesionales en Chile

Autores/as

  • Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña Facultad de Educación, Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación y Tecnología, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (UCSH), Santiago 8280354, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-6931
  • Victor Medrano Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte del Fútbol Juvenil, Club Universidad de Chile. Chile.
  • Claudio Lobos Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte del Fútbol Juvenil, Club Universidad de Chile. Chile.
  • Cristobal Rojas Moya Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte del Fútbol Juvenil, Club Universidad de Chile. Chile.
  • John Cursach Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte del Fútbol Juvenil, Club Universidad de Chile. Chile
  • David Faúndez Saavedra Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte del Fútbol Juvenil, Club Universidad de Chile. Chile. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3515-8156
  • Pablo Merino Muñoz Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Posgrado e Investigación en Ingeniería (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brasil.
  • Guillermo Cortés-Roco Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Programa de Magíster en Evaluación y Planificación del Entrenamiento Deportivo, Universidad de Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile.
  • Brooklyn Brooklyn Campbell Departamento de Atletismo, Universidad de Houston, Houston, TX 77204, EE.UU.
  • Jorge Pérez Contreras Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116780

Palabras clave:

Cualidades Físicas, Biotipo, Maduración, Rendimiento, Joven

Resumen

Introducción: El desarrollo físico y morfológico en el fútbol juvenil depende de la edad, la maduración y las cargas de entrenamiento. comprender estas variaciones es clave para planificar el proceso formativo.

Objetivo: Comparar la composición corporal y la condición física de jóvenes futbolistas profesionales en chile en diferentes categorías de edad.

Método: 223 jugadores de un club profesional. la composición corporal se evaluó mediante masa grasa, masa muscular y suma de seis pliegues cutáneos. El rendimiento físico incluyó salto de contramovimiento, sprints de 10 y 30 metros, prueba de cambio de dirección, sentadilla máxima de una repetición, test yo-yo de recuperación intermitente y capacidad de patada. Se aplicó un ANOVA univariante para comparar las variables entre categorías.

Resultados: Diferencias significativas en todas las variables (p < 0,05; ηp2 > 0,14). Los análisis post hoc mostraron que los jugadores de mayor edad presentaron más masa muscular, menor masa grasa y mejor desempeño en pruebas de fuerza y resistencia, mientras que las categorías menores evidenciaron valores más bajos en estos indicadores.

Discusión: Los hallazgos confirman que la maduración y el entrenamiento favorecen mejoras progresivas en capacidades físicas y morfológicas. la variabilidad entre categorías subraya la importancia de considerar edad y maduración biológica.

Conclusiones: Se confirma una progresión física y morfológica en futbolistas juveniles según la categoría, influida por maduración y entrenamiento. se resalta la necesidad de integrar factores biológicos en la planificación para optimizar rendimiento y prevenir lesiones.

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Publicado

15-09-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Villaseca-Vicuña, R., Medrano, V., Lobos , C., Rojas Moya, C., Cursach, J., Faúndez Saavedra, D., Merino Muñoz, P., Cortés-Roco, G., Brooklyn Campbell, B., & Pérez Contreras, J. (2025). Comparación de la condición física y composición corporal por categorías de edad en futbolistas jóvenes profesionales en Chile. Retos, 72, 445-457. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116780