The effect of the cube model on visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spiking in volleyball for female students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.114523Keywords:
Cube model, visual intelligence, spiking skillAbstract
Objective: To identify the effect of the cube model on visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spikinging in volleyball for female students, The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with pre- and post-measurements.
Research methodology: The main research sample of (30) female students was selected from the research community represented by second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad for the academic year (2024-2025). The sample was divided equally into two control and experimental groups. The researchers conducted the sample homogenization process and the equivalence process between the two groups in the variables of visual-spatial intelligence, technical performance and accuracy of the skill of spikinging in volleyball based on the results of the pre-measurement. Then, the cube model was applied to the experimental group at a rate of (2) units per week and for a time of (90) minutes, for a period of (4) weeks. After that, the post-measurement was conducted and the research experiment continued from (2/3/2025) until (20/3/2025).
Result: There were significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the variables of visual-spatial intelligence, technical performance, and accuracy of the volleyball spiking skill in favor of the post-measurement and the control and experimental groups. The researchers attribute the reason for these differences for the control group to the method followed in the educational units for the members of this group.
Conclusions: Using the cube model contributed in a positive and effective way to developing visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spiking the volleyball for the members of the experimental group.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Alyaa Hussein Farhan, Tahseen Husni Tahseen, Badra Malik Shihab, Maher Amer Jabar, Nahidah Abd Zaid Aldulimey, Suhad Qassem Saeed Al-Mousawi, Nidaa Yasir Farhood
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