El impacto de la fortaleza mental en la precisión de los atletas de tiro con arco: un estudio comparativo a través de distancias

Autores/as

  • Febriansyah Dwi Cahyo Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (Indonesia), Universitas Muhammadiyah Brebes (Indonesia)
  • Yudik Prasetyo Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (Indonesia)
  • Bernadeta Suhartini Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (Indonesia)
  • Mar’atul Afifah Universitas Muhammadiyah Brebes (Indonesia)
  • Asyidika Vito Indarto Universitas Muhammadiyah Brebes (Indonesia)
  • Achmad Zakaria Universitas Muhammadiyah Brebes (Indonesia)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116293

Palabras clave:

psicología deportiva, mentalidad del deportista, rendimiento deportivo, precisión en tiro con arco

Resumen

Introducción: Los atletas de tiro con arco experimentan pensamientos negativos, sensaciones incómodas y una disminución del control del movimiento durante la competición. Estas características son indicadores de fortaleza mental. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, no se han realizado investigaciones específicas sobre la influencia de la fortaleza mental en la precisión del tiro con arco.

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue analizar el efecto de la fortaleza mental en la precisión de tiro en atletas de tiro con arco. Además, este estudio también comparó la fortaleza mental a diferentes distancias: 40, 50 y 70 metros.

Metodología: Este tipo de investigación es un diseño observacional transversal en varios campeonatos oficiales de tiro con arco. La muestra consistió en 269 atletas que compitieron entre noviembre de 2024 y febrero de 2025 en las provincias de Java Central y DIY, Indonesia. La muestra se componía de 147 atletas en la prueba de 40 metros, 64 en la de 50 metros y 58 en la de 70 metros. El instrumento para la recopilación de datos fue el Cuestionario de Fortaleza Mental Deportiva (SMTQ) y los resultados de precisión se basaron en las puntuaciones de tiro con arco.

Resultados: La fortaleza mental tiene un efecto significativo en la precisión, determinado mediante una prueba t con un valor p de 0,000, que es inferior a 0,05. El resultado del ANOVA unidireccional fue p < 0,05. Por lo tanto, la prueba post hoc Hoc Duncan (α = 0,05) reveló diferencias significativas en la fortaleza mental entre los atletas que compitieron en la distancia de 40 metros en comparación con aquellos que compitieron en las distancias de 50 y 70 metros (sig. 0,170). Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias en la fortaleza mental entre los atletas que compitieron en la distancia de 50 metros en comparación con aquellos que compitieron en la de 70 metros (sig. 1,000).

Conclusiones: La fortaleza mental influye significativamente en la precisión de los atletas de tiro con arco. Los hallazgos del estudio mostraron que el nivel de fortaleza mental en los atletas de la prueba de 40 metros fue mayor que en las de 50 y 70 metros. Por lo tanto, cuanto mayor sea el nivel de fortaleza mental que poseen los atletas, mayor será su precisión. Estos hallazgos confirman la importancia de desarrollar los aspectos mentales en el entrenamiento de atletas de tiro con arco.

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Publicado

16-09-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Cahyo, F. D., Prasetyo, Y., Suhartini, B., Afifah, M., Indarto, A. V., & Zakaria, A. (2025). El impacto de la fortaleza mental en la precisión de los atletas de tiro con arco: un estudio comparativo a través de distancias. Retos, 72, 482-491. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116293