Adaptações viscoelásticas dos tendões calcâneo e rotuliano em atletas de elite: um estudo de miotonometria cross-sport

Autores

  • Sebastián Sepúlveda-González Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Santiago, (Chile). https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1205-0493
  • Juan Tejo-Cárdenas Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Santiago, (Chile).
  • Mauricio Araya-Ibacache Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Santiago, (Chile).
  • Luis Mardones-Delgado Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Santiago, (Chile).
  • Carolina Pardo-Tamayo Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, (Chile).
  • Ciro José Brito Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, (Chile).
  • Esteban Aedo-Muñoz Laboratorio de Biomecánica Deportiva, Unidad de Ciencias Aplicadas al Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Deportes. Santiago, (Chile).
  • Alejandro Bustamante-Garrido Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, (Chile).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117202

Palavras-chave:

Biomecânica, desempenho desportivo, atletas de elite, Myoton, rigidez, tendão de Aquiles, ligamento rotuliano

Resumo

Objectivo: Analisar e comparar as propriedades viscoelásticas dos tendões calcâneo e rotuliano em atletas de elite de diferentes modalidades desportivas, determinando se existem diferenças significativas atribuíveis à carga mecânica específica de cada modalidade.

Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, um total de 105 atletas de elite (33 mulheres; 72 homens) de onze modalidades desportivas diferentes (ciclismo de estrada, hóquei em patins, karaté, atletismo, voleibol, taekwondo, patinagem de velocidade, judo, tiro ao arco, andebol e boxe) foram avaliados num centro desportivo nacional de alto rendimento. As propriedades viscoelásticas (rigidez, relaxamento, diminuição, entre outras) de ambos os tendões foram medidas bilateralmente através de um aparelho de miometria portátil (Myoton Pro®, Myoton, Tallinn, Estónia). O desfecho primário foi a rigidez do tendão.

Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis ​​medidas para ambos os tendões (p < 0,001) entre os desportos, exceto para o parâmetro de decremento no tendão rotuliano (p = 0,45). O tendão calcâneo demonstrou uma maior adaptação específica ao desporto, tendo a rigidez apresentado o maior número de diferenças entre as modalidades (29 comparações significativas entre pares). O relaxamento foi o parâmetro mais variável no tendão rotuliano (9 comparações significativas).

Conclusões: Os resultados demonstram que as propriedades viscoelásticas dos tendões calcâneo e rotuliano diferem significativamente consoante o desporto praticado pelos atletas de elite. Isto sugere que a carga mecânica específica a longo prazo desempenha um papel crucial na adaptação do tendão, levando à especialização funcional. Embora o desenho transversal impeça inferências causais, estes resultados fornecem dados de referência valiosos para prescrições de treino e estratégias de prevenção de lesões adaptadas ao desporto.

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Publicado

02-10-2025

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Sepúlveda-González, S., Tejo-Cárdenas, J., Araya-Ibacache, M., Mardones-Delgado, L., Pardo-Tamayo, C., Brito, C. J., Aedo-Muñoz, E., & Bustamante-Garrido, A. (2025). Adaptações viscoelásticas dos tendões calcâneo e rotuliano em atletas de elite: um estudo de miotonometria cross-sport. Retos, 73, 258-268. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117202