Métodos para a medição da composição corporal em atletas amputados: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.107971Palavras-chave:
Antropometria, composição corporal, atletas amputados, índices de avaliação, métodos de mediçãoResumo
Introdução: A medição da composição corporal em atletas amputados apresenta desafios únicos e é crucial para otimizar a sua saúde e desempenho. Esta revisão sistemática avalia os métodos existentes, focando-se na sua precisão, acessibilidade e aplicabilidade para esta população.
Objectivo: Conhecer os métodos existentes para medir ou estimar a composição corporal e as suas características em atletas amputados.
Metodologia: A revisão, realizada através das bases de dados Pub-Med/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science até junho de 2024, aplica critérios de inclusão como o estudo de atletas amputados, identifica algumas medidas de composição corporal e artigos de investigação revistos por pares. Estão excluídos os estudos sobre amputados que realizam atividade física, exercício físico ou reabilitação e os artigos não revistos por pares.
Resultados: Com um total de vinte e oito artigos analisados, são encontradas limitações em cada método de medição para amputados. A absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia é reconhecida pela sua elevada precisão, mas pode subestimar a massa magra total; a análise de impedância bioelétrica oferece maior acessibilidade, mas requer adaptações metodológicas para amputados, e os estudos antropométricos necessitam de equações apropriadas para avaliação final.
Discussão: A revisão conclui que embora os métodos atuais forneçam informações valiosas, existe uma necessidade premente de desenvolver e validar técnicas específicas para atletas amputados. Métodos de medição melhorados irão melhorar a monitorização da saúde e do desempenho desta população, promovendo melhores resultados desportivos e bem-estar geral.
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