Seis semanas de programa de ejercicio terapéutico mejoran la locomoción en discapacidad intelectual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.109571Palabras clave:
terapia de ejercicio, saltos de cuerda, saltos, discapacidad intelectualResumen
Introducción: Las habilidades locomotoras en personas con discapacidad intelectual suelen estar subdesarrolladas, lo que afecta su independencia funcional y calidad de vida. Los programas de ejercicio físico, especialmente aquellos que son terapéuticos y estructurados, son cada vez más reconocidos como intervenciones eficaces para abordar estas deficiencias.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio terapéutico de seis semanas sobre la mejora de las habilidades locomotoras especialmente el salto y la cuerda en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual.
Metodología: Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental con pretest y postest. Ocho estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual participaron voluntariamente en el estudio, con el consentimiento informado de sus padres. La intervención consistió en seis semanas de ejercicios estructurados (plancha, abdominales, flexiones, saltos de cuerda y jumping jacks), realizados tres veces por semana durante 60 minutos por sesión. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas t pareadas e independientes, con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05 y el tamaño del efecto medido con d de Cohen.
Discusión: Se observaron mejoras significativas en el salto (t = -2.979, p = 0.021, d = -1.053), flexiones (p = 0.041) y plancha (p = 0.041) después de la intervención. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres (p > 0.05). Los resultados destacan la eficacia del programa para mejorar el rendimiento locomotor y la fuerza central en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual.
Conclusión: El programa de ejercicio terapéutico de seis semanas demostró ser eficaz para mejorar las habilidades locomotoras, en particular el salto y la fuerza del tronco, en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual. Se recomiendan actividades físicas simples y regulares para apoyar el desarrollo continuo y prevenir lesiones en esta población.
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