Características do protocolo de treino em estudos que compararam o treino funcional com o treino tradicional: uma revisão sistemática de ensaios controlados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114588Palavras-chave:
Reabilitação, Treinamento de força, Treinamento funcional, Treinamento tradicionalResumo
Introdução: O treino funcional e o treino tradicional são amplamente utilizados na reabilitação e no treino de força, mas as suas diferenças metodológicas continuam em debate.
Objectivo: Avaliar as características dos protocolos de treino em estudos que compararam intervenções de treino funcional e tradicional em ensaios clínicos.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados CI-NAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus e Web of Science.
Resultados: Nos protocolos de treino tradicional, a maioria dos estudos utilizou exercícios em máquinas, principalmente exercícios uniaxiais, como o agachamento na máquina Smith, flexão de pernas e remada sentada, juntamente com aquecimentos em passadeira. Em contraste, os protocolos de treino funcional incluíram exercícios multiarticulares com pesos livres, bandas de resistência, kettlebells e bandas de suspensão. Discussão: Esta revisão realça a sobreposição metodológica entre o treino funcional e o treino tradicional, dificultando a sua distinção. Enquanto o treino funcional emerge da reabilitação e procura melhorar os padrões de movimento relevantes para a vida diária, o treino físico segue princípios de carga estruturada para desenvolver a força. Em vez de classificações rigorosas, a eficácia deve ser determinada com base nas necessidades individuais, integrando diferentes modalidades, conforme apropriado. Pesquisas futuras devem clarificar as definições ou reconhecer esta convergência, dando prioridade a prescrições individualizadas.
Conclusões: Compreender as distinções e sobreposições entre o treino funcional e o treino tradicional pode ajudar os profissionais a elaborar programas adaptativos e baseados na evidência. Ao integrar ambas as abordagens quando necessário, os profissionais de fitness podem otimizar os resultados do treino e promover a adesão a longo prazo.
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