Melhorar as competências de atenção na primeira infância através de jogos de estafetas musicais e atividade física: uma perspetiva não ocidental

Autores

  • Ismaniar Ismaniar Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Setiyo Utoyo Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Nur Hazizah Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Sri Murni STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115125

Palavras-chave:

Educação infantil, competências de atenção, jogos de estafetas musicais, teoria de Vygotsky, adaptação cultural

Resumo

Introdução: As competências de atenção são cruciais para o desenvolvimento na primeira infância; no entanto, muitos educadores lutam para encontrar estratégias eficazes para promover a concentração sustentada nas crianças pequenas.

Objectivo: Este estudo investiga o impacto de jogos de estafetas musicais estruturados, que combinam atividade física e envolvimento cognitivo, nas competências de atenção de crianças em idade pré-escolar, com foco nas dimensões de atenção sustentada, seletiva, dividida e controlada.

Metodologia: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado com 178 crianças em idade pré-escolar de diversas origens socioeconómicas na Indonésia. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos experimental e de controlo; o primeiro participou em 16 sessões de jogos de estafetas musicais ao longo de oito semanas.

Resultados: O grupo experimental apresentou melhorias significativas em todas as dimensões da atenção em comparação com o grupo de controlo. As melhorias mais significativas foram observadas na atenção sustentada e seletiva, com tamanhos de efeito fortes a validar a eficácia da intervenção. Os fatores moderadores, como a idade, influenciaram ainda mais os resultados, destacando a importância de abordagens adaptadas ao desenvolvimento.

Discussão: Estas descobertas são consistentes com a teoria sociocultural de Vygotsky e com a estrutura de desenvolvimento cognitivo de Piaget, destacando o potencial das estratégias de aprendizagem interativas e culturalmente adaptativas.

Conclusões: O estudo oferece novos insights sobre a integração da música, da atividade física e do jogo como ferramentas para o desenvolvimento cognitivo na educação de infância. A escalabilidade e a adaptabilidade cultural da intervenção posicionam-na como uma solução sustentável para os desafios globais da educação de infância.

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Publicado

15-09-2025

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Ismaniar, I., Utoyo, S., Hazizah, N., & Murni, S. (2025). Melhorar as competências de atenção na primeira infância através de jogos de estafetas musicais e atividade física: uma perspetiva não ocidental. Retos, 72, 375-386. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.115125