Efeitos da caminhada rápida de 60 minutos na saúde metabólica e psicossocial em doentes com diabetes tipo 2

Autores

  • Waskito Aji Suryo Putro Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3241
  • Alva Cherry Mustamu Poltekes Sorong
  • Gunathevan Elumalai University Pendidikan Sultan Idris
  • Harmaman Harmaman Universitas Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Sorong
  • Wahyu Retno Widiyaningsih Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116491

Palavras-chave:

Índice de massa corporal, caminhada rápida, saúde mental, óxido nítrico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Resumo

Introdução e Objectivo: A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa uma crise global de saúde pública, especialmente nos países de pequena e média dimensão, como a Indonésia. As intervenções não farmacológicas, como os testes físicos, têm sido amplamente promovidas, mas não há provas dos efeitos graves de uma única sessão vigorosa de viagem.
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia de um passeio energético de 60 minutos, avaliando os níveis de azoto, glicemia, índice de massa corporal, qualidade de vida e saúde mental em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2.

Metodologia: utilizámos um desenho experimental de grupos paralelos com alocação aleatória. A participação foi definida e as pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, distribuídas pelos grupos: passeios energéticos e regulares. A intervenção teve a duração de uma semana, com cinco sessões semanais. Utilizámos ferramentas validadas para medir os parâmetros bioquímicos, antropométricos e psicológicos antes e depois do protocolo.

Resultados: os resultados foram os aumentos mais significativos dos níveis de azoto, bem como as reduções da glicemia, do índice de massa corporal, dos pontos de qualidade de vida e dos sintomas emocionais relacionados com a diabetes no setor energético. As alterações foram mais notadas em pessoas obesas. Foram desenhados com base em estudos que previram o efeito da moderação na função endotelial e no controlo glicémico, sendo evidente o papel do óxido nítrico como mediador fisiológico fundamental.

Conclusões: Conclui-se que a via energética é uma intervenção acessível, eficaz e segura para melhorar múltiplas dimensões da saúde em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2.

Referências

Allen, J. D. (2023). Nitric oxide as a mediator of exercise performance: NO pain NO gain. Nitric Oxide, 136–137, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2023.04.006

Alshowair, A., Bail, J., AlSuwailem, F., Mostafa, A., & Abdel-Azeem, A. (2024). Use of virtual reality exer-cises in disaster preparedness training: A scoping review. 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121241241936

American Diabetes Association. (2022). Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clinical Diabetes, 41(1), 4–31. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd23-as01

Amerkamp, J., Benli, S., Isenmann, E., & Brinkmann, C. (2024). Optimizing the lifestyle of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—Systematic review on the effects of combined diet-and-exercise in-terventions. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 103746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2024.09.016

Astbury, N. M. (2024). Interventions to improve glycaemic control in people living with, and at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(S4), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15855

Bassi-Dibai, D., Santos-de-Araújo, A. D., Dibai-Filho, A. V., de Azevedo, L. F. S., Goulart, C. da L., Luz, G. C. P., Burke, P. R., Garcia-Araújo, A. S., & Borghi-Silva, A. (2022). Rehabilitation of Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Diabetic Myopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 869921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.869921

Boye, K. S., Lage, M. J., Thieu, V., Shinde, S., Dhamija, S., & Bae, J. P. (2021). Obesity and glycemic con-trol among people with type 2 diabetes in the United States: A retrospective cohort study using insurance claims data. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 35(9), 107975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107975

Collins, K. A., Ross, L. M., Slentz, C. A., Huffman, K. M., & Kraus, W. E. (2022). Differential Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeosta-sis: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine - Open, 8(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00480-5

Eslami, Z., Roshandel, G., & Mirghani, S. J. (2025). Aerobic Exercise and Metformin: A Dual Approach to Enhancing Glycemic Maintenance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 61(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2025.61.1.9

Gaesser, G. A., & Angadi, S. S. (2021). Obesity treatment: Weight loss versus increasing fitness and phys-ical activity for reducing health risks. iScience, 24(10), 102995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102995

H, S., P, S., S, K., M, P., K, O., Bb, D., C, S., A, B., Jcn, C., Jc, M., Me, P., A, R., Sh, W., S, J., Wh, H., P, Z., C, B., S, K., Ej, B., & Dj, M. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. PubMed, 183(109119). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119

Harun, I., Riyadi, H., Briawan, D., & Khomsan, A. (2022). Effect of 12-Weeks Brisk Walking Exercise Duration on Blood Pressure and VO2max on Overweight and Obese Female Students in Indone-sia. Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.12873/424harun

Irianti, S. R., Wicaksana, A. L., & Pangastuti, H. S. (2021). (PDF) Validity and Realiability Test of The Indonesian Version for Diabetes Quality of Life -Brief Clinical Inventory. Indian Journal of Pub-lic Health Research and Development, 12(1), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v12i1.13885

K B, S., Vaishali, K., Kadavigere, R., Sukumar, S., K N, S., Pullinger, S. A., & Bommasamudram, T. (2024). Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on vas-cular function among individuals with overweight and obesity—A systematic review. Interna-tional Journal of Obesity (2005), 48(11), 1517–1533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01586-4

Kanaley, J. A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M. H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J., Kirwan, J. P., & Zierath, J. R. (2022). Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consen-sus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800

Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia. (2024). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan | BKPK Kemenkes. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/hasil-ski-2023/

Kristiani, T., Tinduh, D., Pawana, I. P. A., & Melaniani, S. (2025). Effect of uphill treadmill exercise on standard therapy to hamstrings tightness in patients with knee osteoarthritis at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Retos, 68, 1464–1476. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115899

MArshal Scientific. (2024). BioTek ELx800 Microplate Reader—Absorbance Only | Marshall Scientific. Www.MarshallScientific.Com. https://www.MarshallScientific.com/product-p/b-e800.htm

Moghetti, P., Balducci, S., Guidetti, L., Mazzuca, P., Rossi, E., & Schena, F. (2020). Walking for subjects with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and joint AMD/SID/SISMES evidence-based practical guideline. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(11), 1882–1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.021

Mueller, B. J., Roberts, M. D., Mobley, C. B., Judd, R. L., & Kavazis, A. N. (2024). Nitric oxide in exercise physiology: Past and present perspectives. 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1504978

Shannon, O. M., Clifford, T., Seals, D. R., Craighead, D. H., & Rossman, M. J. (2022). Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to Master’s athletes. Nitric Oxide, 125–126, 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.002

Shokr, E., El-Marakby, R., AL-Olimat, K., Alqadi, R., Alsirhani, H., Abdelaziz, S., Hassan, A., & Afify, A. (2025). Unveiling novel insights into Type 2 Diabetes management: A meta-analysis and statis-tical synthesis of nursing and physiotherapy intervention literature. Retos, 68, 585–595. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116122

Silva, F. M., Duarte-Mendes, P., Teixeira, A. M., Soares, C. M., & Ferreira, J. P. (2024). The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1936. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y

Singh, B., Koneru, Y. C., Zimmerman, H., Kanagala, S. G., Milne, I., Sethi, A., & Jain, R. (2023). A step in the right direction: Exploring the effects of aerobic exercise on HbA1c reduction. The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, 35(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43162-023-00247-8

Son, W.-H., Park, H.-T., Jeon, B. H., & Ha, M.-S. (2023). Moderate intensity walking exercises reduce the body mass index and vascular inflammatory factors in postmenopausal women with obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13, 20172. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47403-2

Soo, J., Raman, A., Lawler, N. G., Goods, P. S. R., Deldicque, L., Girard, O., & Fairchild, T. J. (2023). The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05135-1

Syeda, U. S. A., Battillo, D., Visaria, A., & Malin, S. K. (2023a). The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Medicine Open, 9, 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031

Syeda, U. S. A., Battillo, D., Visaria, A., & Malin, S. K. (2023b). The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Medicine Open, 9, 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100031

Tran, N., Garcia, T., Aniqa, M., Ali, S., Ally, A., & Nauli, S. (2022). Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the Cardiovascular System: In Physiology and in Disease States. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 15(2), 153–177.

Vandersmissen, J., Dewachter, I., Cuypers, K., & Hansen, D. (2025). The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Re-view. Sports Medicine - Open, 11, 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7

World Health Organization. (2024). Disability. https://www.who.int/health-topics/disability#tab=tab_1

Zalillah, S. I., Jayadi, I., Andriana, L. M., Ashadi, K., Wiriawan, O., & Hariyanto, A. (2025). Total-body aerobic gymnastic exercises more effective than low intensity steady state to improving body composition in adult women with sedentary. Retos, 68, 2031–2041. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113196

Downloads

Publicado

15-09-2025

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Suryo Putro, W. A., Mustamu, A. C., Elumalai, G., Harmaman, H., & Widiyaningsih, W. R. (2025). Efeitos da caminhada rápida de 60 minutos na saúde metabólica e psicossocial em doentes com diabetes tipo 2. Retos, 72, 334-345. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116491