A hipoxia e a oclusão venosa melhoram o desempenho muscular, mas não têm qualquer efeito sobre a hormona do crescimento em atletas.

Autores

  • Kittamook La-bantao Exercise and Sport Sciences Program, Multidisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, (Thailand)
  • Apiwan Manimmanakorn Khon Kaen University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-9453
  • Michael John Hamlin Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, (New Zealand)
  • Nuttaset Manimmanakorn Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, (Thailand)
  • Qinshan Huang College of Sports and Arts, Jiang Xi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, (China)
  • Chaiyawat Namboonlue Sport and Exercise Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, (Thailand)
  • Chiraphorn Khaengkhan Sport sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, (Thailand)
  • Peeraporn Nithisup Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Nakon Ratchasima College, (Thailand)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117374

Palavras-chave:

Treino hipóxico, treino de resistência com baixa carga, hipertrofia, lactato sanguíneo, oclusão venosa

Resumo

Introdução: O treino de resistência melhora a força e o tamanho muscular, mas métodos com cargas elevadas (>85% de 1RM) podem aumentar o risco de lesão. O treino com cargas baixas, associado à hipoxia ou restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (RFS), oferece uma alternativa mais segura, embora as evidências comparativas sejam limitadas.

Objectivo: Analisar os efeitos da hipoxia e da RFS nos níveis de hormona de crescimento (GH) em repouso após cinco semanas de treino de resistência com cargas baixas.

Metodologia: Trinta atletas do sexo masculino (19-24 anos) foram aleatoriamente alocados a três grupos: RT (50% de 1RM), RT+HPX (50% de 1RM com hipoxia, FiO₂ 0,137) e RT+RFS (50% de 1RM com RFS). Realizaram extensões e flexões de joelhos (3 séries de 15 repetições, 1 min de descanso) três vezes por semana, durante cinco semanas. A espessura e a força muscular, o GH em repouso e o lactato sanguíneo foram avaliados antes e após o treino.

Resultados: Os grupos RT+HPX e RT+BFR apresentaram aumentos significativos da espessura dos músculos recto femoral e bíceps femoral. A força melhorou em todos os grupos, com maior extensão do joelho no grupo RT+HPX (30,9 ± 16,3%, p=0,047) em comparação com o grupo RT (16,1 ± 7,3%). Os níveis de GH em repouso não diferiram entre os grupos (p>0,05). O lactato aumentou significativamente apenas no grupo RT+BFR (68,7 ± 57,2%, p=0,018).

Conclusões: O treino com baixa carga, hipóxia ou restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (BFR), melhora a força e a hipertrofia muscular, sendo a hipóxia mais eficaz para o aumento da força. Mais investigação é necessária para esclarecer o papel do GH em repouso nestas adaptações.

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Publicado

10-11-2025

Edição

Vol. 73 (2025)

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Kittamook La-bantao, Apiwan Manimmanakorn; Michael John Hamlin; Nuttaset Manimmanakorn, Qinshan Huang, Chaiyawat Namboonlue, Chiraphorn Khaengkhan, Peeraporn Nithisup

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Como Citar

La-bantao, K., Manimmanakorn, A., Manimmanakorn, N., Huang, Q., Namboonlue, C., Khaengkhan, C., & Nithisup, P. (2025). A hipoxia e a oclusão venosa melhoram o desempenho muscular, mas não têm qualquer efeito sobre a hormona do crescimento em atletas. Retos, 73, 1076-1089. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117374