Sports Health in Older Age: Prevalence and Risk Factors - Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102654Keywords:
Sports Health, physical activity, older age, active lifestyleAbstract
Exercise prevalence in older adults often shows low levels, with a considerable portion of this demographic being physically inactive. Myriad studies have also depicted gender disparities in exercise prevalence, highlighting that men tend to engage in more physical activity compared to women. The primary objective of this research is to highlight sports health in older age, prevalence, and risk fac-tors through a systematic review. This research employs a systematic review method by searching reputable journal databases such as Science Direct and Pubmed. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in the last five years related to exercise in the elderly, addressing topics such as exercise prevalence, risk factors for exercise, physical activity participation, the health of the elderly, and barriers to exercise. The exclusion criteria in this study were articles published in non-reputable journals. The researchers selected and analyzed 16 articles meeting the inclusing criteria for this systematic review. For standard operations, this study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) assessment. The research findings reveal that within the first group, various risk factors significantly impede exercise in older adults, including chronic health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. In addition, factors such as lack of knowledge about the benefits of exercise, fear of injury, and social isolation contributed to reduced participation in physical activity. Furthermore, the findings with-in the second group underscore the significance of information that various exercises through health sports activities to support body health in old age. The results of the third group show that some treatments of sports health therapy are suitable for the elderly. Understanding these multifaceted factors is paramount to design effective interventions to increase sports participation in the elderly. Therefore, the promotion of active and healthy lifestyles in older adults should consider the social, economic and health factors that influence individuals' decisions. This holistic approach can contribute to improving the quality of life and well-being of older adults, concurrently reducing the burden of age-related diseases.
Keywords: active lifestyle, older age, physical activity, Sports Health
References
Aas, S. N., Tømmerbakke, D., Godager, S., Nordseth, M., Armani, A., Sandri, M., … Raastad, T. (2020). Effects of acute and chronic strength training on skeletal muscle autophagy in frail elderly men and women. Experimental Gerontology, 142, 111122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111122
Achttien, R., van Lieshout, J., Wensing, M., van der Sanden, M. N., & Staal, J. B. (2019). Symptoms of depression are associated with physical inactivity but not modified by gender or the presence of a cardiovascular disease; a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1065-8
Babaei Bonab, S., & Parvaneh, M. (2022). The effect of twelve weeks of tai chi exercises on sleep quality, pain perception, and death anxiety in elderly women. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 180(9), 905–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.019
Bäckmand, H., Kaprio, J., Kujala, U. M., Sarna, S., & Fogelholm, M. (2006). Physical and psychological functioning of daily living in relation to physical activity. A longitudinal study among former elite male athletes and controls. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324639
Chen, B., Chen, Y., Shin, S., Jie, C., Chang, Z., Ding, H., & Yang, H. (2023). Effect of a moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise program on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly females with sarcopenia. Heliyon, 9(8), e18951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18951
Cheng, S. J., Yu, H. K., Chen, Y. C., Chen, C. Y., Lien, W. C., Yang, P. Y., & Hu, G. C. (2013). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults. International Journal of Gerontology, 7(3), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2013.03.001
Chobe, S., Patra, S. K., Chobe, M., & Metri, K. (2022). Efficacy of Integrated Yoga and Ayurveda Rasayana on cognitive functions in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: Non-randomized three-arm clinical trial. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 13(1), 100373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2020.11.003
Freene, N., Brown, R., Collis, P., Bourke, C., Silk, K., Jackson, A., … Northam, H. L. (2021). An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cardiac Rehabilitation program delivered in a non-Indigenous health service (Yeddung Gauar): a mixed methods feasibility study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02016-3
Gharakhanlou, B. J., & Bonab, S. B. (2022). The effect of 12 weeks of training in water on serum levels of SIRT1 and FGF-21, glycemic index, and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 42(4), 727–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-021-01032-5
Grgic, J., Garofolini, A., Orazem, J., Sabol, F., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Pedisic, Z. (2020). Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength in Very Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sport Medicine, 50, 1983–1999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01331-7
Han, Y., Xing, F., Huang, J., & Wang, M. (2023). Associated factors of health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly based on the theory of social ecosystem. Atención Primaria, 55(9), 102679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2023.102679
Hollis, N. D., Zhang, Q. C., Cyrus, A. C., Courtney-Long, E., Watson, K., & Carroll, D. D. (2020). Physical activity types among US adults with mobility disability, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017. Disability and Health Journal, 13(3), 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100888
Hooshmand-Moghadam, B., Eskandari, M., Golestani, F., Rezae, S., Mahmoudi, N., & Gaeini, A. A. (2020). The effect of 12-week resistance exercise training on serum levels of cellular aging process parameters in elderly men. Experimental Gerontology, 141, 111090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111090
Ito, T., Kawakami, R., Tanisawa, K., Miyawaki, R., Ishii, K., Torii, S., … Higuchi, M. (2019). Dietary patterns and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults: Waseda Alumni’s Sports, Exercise, Daily Activity, Sedentariness and Health Study (WASEDA’S Health Study). Nutrition, 58, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.029
Kartschmit, N., Sutcliffe, R., Sheldon, M. P., Moebus, S., Greiser, K. H., Hartwig, S., … Rudge, G. (2020). Walkability and its association with prevalent and incident diabetes among adults in different regions of Germany: results of pooled data from five German cohorts. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 20(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0485-x
Kazemi Pordanjani, M., Banitalebi, E., Roghani, M., & Hemmati, R. (2023). Ursolic acid enhances the effect of exercise training on vascular aging by reducing oxidative stress in aged type 2 diabetic rats. Food Science and Nutrition, 11(2), 696–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3105
Liu, I.-T., Lee, W.-J., Lin, S.-Y., Chang, S.-T., Kao, C.-L., & Cheng, Y.-Y. (2020). Therapeutic Effects of Exercise Training on Elderly Patients With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101(5), 762–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.01.012
Liu, X., Wang, G., & Cao, Y. (2023). The effectiveness of exercise on global cognitive function, balance, depression symptoms, and sleep quality in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatric Nursing, 51, 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.03.013
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samah, A. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Ali, Z. (2019). Mirror-mirror on the wall, what climate change adaptation strategies are practiced by the Asian’s fishermen of all? Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 232, 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.262
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10), 1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
Ndejjo, R., Musinguzi, G., Nuwaha, F., Bastiaens, H., & Wanyenze, R. K. (2022). Understanding factors influencing uptake of healthy lifestyle practices among adults following a community cardiovascular disease prevention programme in Mukono and Buikwe districts in Uganda: A qualitative study. PloS One, 17(2), e0263867. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263867
Park, S., Park, S.-K., & Jee, Y.-S. (2023). Effects of walking training at different speeds on body composition, muscle contractility, and immunocytes in the elderly: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 106, 104871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2022.104871
Riyanto, P., Lahinda, J., Nugroho, A. I., & Hidayat, S. H. (2020). Effect of elderly senny to elderly fitness. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 67–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.06.016
Rodziewicz-Flis, E. A., Kawa, M., Skrobot, W. R., Flis, D. J., Wilczyńska, D., Szaro-Truchan, M., … Kaczor, J. J. (2022). The positive impact of 12 weeks of dance and balance training on the circulating amyloid precursor protein and serotonin concentration as well as physical and cognitive abilities in elderly women. Experimental Gerontology, 162, 111746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111746
Rubiyatno, Perdana, R. P., Fallo, I. S., Arifin, Z., Nusri, A., Suryadi, D., … Fauziah, E. (2023). Analysis of differences in physical fitness levels of extracurricular futsal students: Survey studies on urban and rural environments. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 27(3), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2023.0304
Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Ganz, F., Torralba, R., Oliveira, D. V., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020). Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 24, 938–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
Shin, S. (2021). Meta-analysis of the effect of yoga practice on physical fitness in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111663
Sia, T., Connors, K. A., & Morgan, P. (2023). Physical Activity in People With Motor Neuron Disease: Validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly as a Measuring Tool. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(1), 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.09.007
Silva, F. M., Petrica, J., Serrano, J., Paulo, R., Ramalho, A., Lucas, D., … Duarte-Mendes, P. (2019). The sedentary time and physical activity levels on physical fitness in the elderly: A comparative cross sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16(19), 3697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193697
Song, D., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93, 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019
Suryadi, D., Suganda, M. A., Sacko, M., Samodra, Y. T. J., Rubiyatno, R., Supriatna, E., … Okilanda, A. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Soccer and Futsal Extracurriculars: A Survey Study of Physical Fitness Profiles. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 2(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i1.182
Tateyama, Y., Musumari, P. M., Techasrivichien, T., Suguimoto, S. P., Zulu, R., Dube, C., … Kihara, M. (2019). Dietary habits, body image, and health service access related to cardiovascular diseases in rural Zambia: A qualitative study. PloS One, 14(2), e0212739. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212739
Wadsworth, D., & Lark, S. (2020). Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on the Physical Function of the Frail Elderly: An Open, Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101(7), 1111–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.02.009
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
