Effectiveness of family-based educational interventions on increasing physical activity and controlling hypertension in older adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118855Keywords:
Elderly, family-based education, hypertension, physical activityAbstract
Background: Increased physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for blood pressure control; however, its implementation is often limited by inadequate family support. Family-based educational interventions are expected to improve physical activity and support blood pressure control among the elderly.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a family-based educational intervention on increasing physical activity and controlling hypertension among older adults in Danau Kedap Village, Muaro Jambi Regency.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted among 60 hypertensive older adults, divided into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention was delivered for 8 weeks. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and blood pressure was assessed using a calibrated digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and multiple linear regression with a significance level of p<0.05 using SPSS.
Results: The mean physical activity score in the intervention group increased from 812.5 ± 210.4 MET-minutes/week to 1456.7 ± 320.8 (p<0.001), while no significant change was found in the control group (p=0.084). Systolic blood pressure decreased from 154.6 ± 8.5 mmHg to 138.2 ± 7.9 mmHg (p<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 92.4 ± 5.6 mmHg to 84.1 ± 4.8 mmHg (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the family-based educational intervention was the strongest predictor of increased physical activity (β=0.612; p<0.001) and decreased systolic blood pressure (β=-0.584; p<0.001) with an Adjusted R² of 0.48.
Conclusion: Family-based educational intervention effectively increases physical activity and reduces blood pressure among hypertensive older adults and serves as the most dominant factor in hypertension control.
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